Current opinion in critical care
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To summarize new pathophysiologic insights and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. ⋯ The neurointensive care management of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage has evolved significantly over the past 10 years, with many new diagnostic modalities and promising treatments now available. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these new techniques and to further define the optimal management of this often devastating complication.
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To outline evidence that suggests increased intestinal epithelial apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays an important role in critical illness of infectious and noninfectious origin. ⋯ These animal studies offer a possible new mechanism underlying the gut's role as the "motor" of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and suggest that intestinal epithelial apoptosis may be a novel therapeutic target in future critical care research.
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Apr 2003
ReviewEffect of estradiol administration on splanchnic perfusion after trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis.
This review focuses on the latest mechanistic understanding of the effects of estradiol on the splanchnic circulation and the possibility of estradiol treatment as an adjunct for the treatment of trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis. ⋯ Trauma-hemorrhage results in decreased circulating blood volume. In contrast, sepsis is an inflammatory state mainly mediated by bacterial products. However, these divergent insults show similar pathophysiologic alterations in terms of the splanchnic circulation. Because estradiol effectively protects the organs from circulatory failure after various adverse circulatory conditions, many studies are being performed to clarify the molecular mechanism of estradiol action with regard to tissue circulation. Estradiol improves the macro- and microcirculation of the splanchnic organs by multiple mechanisms. Nonetheless, it remains unclear which mechanism plays the most important role in the treatment of trauma-hemorrhage and sepsis. Additional studies are required to elucidate the precise mechanism of estradiol action and to determine the usefulness of estradiol treatment for severe hemorrhage and sepsis in patients.
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Curr Opin Crit Care · Feb 2003
ReviewNoninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a frequent life-threatening emergency. During the last 10 years, increasing attention has focused on the use of noninvasive ventilation to treat patients with various forms of acute respiratory failure. ⋯ However, no sustained benefit (, decreased late mortality) or benefit for less severe forms of cardiogenic pulmonary edema has been demonstrated yet. Moreover, there are still few data that support the use of a specific mode of ventilation over the others.