Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Jan 2014
ReviewThe significance and regulatory mechanisms of innate immune cells in the development of sepsis.
Sepsis with subsequent multiple organ dysfunction is a pronounced systemic inflammatory response to concealed or known infection and is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. The survival rate of severe sepsis and septic shock has not markedly improved in recent decades despite a great number of receptors and molecules involved in its pathogenesis have been found and taken as therapeutic targets. ⋯ Therefore, an understanding of the biological significance and pathophysiological roles of different cell populations might gain novel insights into the immunoregulatory mechanisms of sepsis. In this review, we focus on major immune cells that may play potential roles in the contribution of new therapeutic approaches for sepsis.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Jun 2013
Administration of amiodarone during resuscitation is associated with higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the early postarrest period in the swine model of ischemic ventricular fibrillation.
To compare the early postarrest inflammatory cytokine response between animals administered amiodarone (AMIO) and lidocaine (LIDO) intra-arrest during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation (VF). Domestic swine (n=32) were placed under general anesthesia and instrumented before spontaneous VF was induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 7 min of VF, standard ACLS resuscitation was performed and animals were randomized to either bolus AMIO (5 mg/kg, n=13) or LIDO (1 mg/kg, n=14) for recurrent or refractory VF. ⋯ However, TNF-α levels were significantly higher in AMIO- than LIDO-treated animals at 30 min (geometric mean 539 versus 240 pg/mL, 2.2-fold higher, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.8-fold higher, P=0.003) and at 60 min (geometric mean 570 versus 204 pg/mL, 2.8-fold higher, 95% CI 1.1-7.0-fold higher, P=0.03). Significant differences in the postarrest TNF-α levels were observed between animals treated with AMIO as compared to those treated with LIDO. Improved rates of ROSC seen with AMIO may come at the expense of a heightened proinflammatory state in the postcardiac arrest period.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Mar 2013
Differential regulation of inflammation by inflammatory mediators in cystic fibrosis lung epithelial cells.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is due to mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which cause a massively proinflammatory phenotype in the CF airway. The chemical basis of the inflammation is hyperproduction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by CF airway epithelial cells, based on both an intrinsic mutation-dependent mechanism and by infection. In infection-free, cultured CF lung epithelial cells, high levels of the microRNA (miR), miR-155, is responsible for hyperexpression of IL-8. ⋯ We find that ex vivo CF lung epithelial cells also express high levels of both miR-155 and miR-215. The predicted module of infection-induced mRNA targets focuses on activation of the NFκB-signaling pathway, and on the proapoptotic p53-signaling pathway. We interpret these data to suggest that that CF lung epithelial cells respond to PA or bacterial cell products with a novel miR program that may carry with it serious challenges to survival.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Jul 2012
ReviewUpdate on the immunological pathway of negative regulation in acute insults and sepsis.
Sepsis with subsequent multiple organ dysfunction is a distinctly systemic inflammatory response to concealed or known infection and is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. In the initial stage of sepsis, a phase of immune activation can be evident, but a marked apoptosis-induced depletion of lymphocytes and a nonspecific anergy of immune function after severe trauma and burns might be responsible for the increased susceptibility of the host to subsequent septic complications. Recent studies indicated that negative regulation of immune function plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis and regulation of immune responses; therefore, an understanding of the basic pathways might give rise to novel insights into the mechanisms of sepsis and immune homeostasis. This review is an attempt to provide a summary of the different pathways of negative regulation that are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis, secondary to acute insults.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Sep 2011
Correlation of interleukin-6, serum lactate, and C-reactive protein to inflammation, complication, and outcome during the surgical course of patients with acute abdomen.
In the present scenario, doctors have to rely on radiological methods for diagnosis of acute abdomen in addition to their clinical skill. The use of serum markers for assessing the outcome of such patients is still debatable. Our aim was to evaluate whether the combined use of serum lactate, interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) is able to simultaneously establish both the septic status and the prognosis of acute abdomen. ⋯ The AUC for serum lactate (0.922), IL-6 (0.912), and CRP (0.719) in differentiating between patients with severe sepsis and those with sepsis also proves the superiority of serum lactate and IL-6. The combined use of serum lactate and IL-6 would allow us to simultaneously establish the prognosis of patients with acute abdomen (r(2) = 0.368, P = 0.008). The combined use of serum lactate and IL-6 is useful in simultaneously establishing both the severity of sepsis and, hence, the prognosis of acute abdomen.