Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Oct 2001
Upregulation of IFN-gamma and soluble interleukin-2 receptor release and altered serum cortisol and prolactin concentration during general anesthesia.
The effects of surgery, surgical stress, and anesthesia compromise the optimal function of the immune system. Recent studies demonstrate the influence of anesthesia on the immune response by modulation of neural-immune interactions. To evaluate the immunologic effects of general anesthesia with the hypnotic agent propofol and the opioid fentanyl, two drugs used frequently in anesthesia, we studied 30 patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery before and during narcosis. ⋯ Serum prolactin significantly increased immediately after induction of anesthesia, whereas serum cortisol levels declined. Our results point to enhanced proinflammatory T lymphocyte and natural killer (NK) cell activity, probably caused by prolactin and cortisol modulation in the serum. This may disturb the balance of human proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways during surgery and general anesthesia.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Jan 2000
Comparative StudyInfluence of surgical procedures on interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor responses: CABG vs. valvular surgery.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic and activating factor/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCAF/MCP-1) play pivotal roles in systemic inflammation, immune response, and tissue damage after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Previous reports have described transient rises in IL-6 and MCAF after CPB, but the data seem to vary according to the different surgical procedures used. To evaluate the influence of the different surgical procedures on the proinflammatory cytokine responses, we compared perioperative serum IL-6 and MCAF release in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valvular surgery cases. ⋯ Serum IL-6 concentrations at the end of surgery and 24 h after surgery were significantly higher in the valve group than in the CABG group (123.9 +/- 21.7 pg/ml vs. 79.7 +/- 10.4 pg/ml, p = 0.049; 113.6 +/- 25.0 pg/ml vs. 39.9 +/- 11.5 pg/ml, p = 0.006, respectively). Serum MCAF increased immediately after aortic declamping, and the MCAF level at the end of surgery was significantly higher in the valve group than in the CABG group (1118.4 +/- 353.9 pg/ml vs. 241.0 +/- 71.2 pg/ml, p = 0.002, respectively). IL-6 and MCAF may play important roles in the pathophysiology of surgical damage with CPB, and the different surgical procedures appear to affect the proinflammatory cytokine release after cardiac surgery differently.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Dec 1998
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulates the prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor subtype and the cyclooxygenase-2 isoform in cultured amnion WISH cells.
Recent studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between infection and preterm labor. Preterm delivery is also associated with high levels of cytokines and prostaglandins in amniotic fluid. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on the levels of cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin E2 production (PGE2), and expression of the PGE2 receptor subtype EP1 in amnion WISH cell culture. ⋯ EP1 protein (p<0.01), EP1 mRNA (p<0.05), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein (p<0.001), and PGE2 concentrations (p<0.01) all increased with increasing concentrations of TNF-alpha. Changes in COX-1 protein were not observed following TNF-alpha-incubation. The results suggest that TNF-alpha may play a role in infection-induced preterm labor by its pleiotropic ability to simultaneously stimulate COX-2 activity, PGE2 concentrations, and PGE2 EP1 receptor levels in human amnion.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Oct 1998
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialTumor necrosis factor-alpha levels decrease with anticytokine therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were measured in the serum (sTNF-alpha) or bone marrow (BM) biopsies of 43 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who subsequently received therapy with a combination of pentoxifylline and ciprofloxacin (PC) with or without dexamethasone (PCD). All 43 patients received only PC therapy for 12 weeks, after which 18 of 36 nonresponders received PCD. A total of 18 of 43 patients showed a hematologic or cytogenetic response or both. ⋯ Both responders (p = 0.01) and nonresponders (p = 0.03) had a decline at 8 weeks, but at 12 weeks, only the responders continued to show a significant decline (p = 0.03). We conclude that MDS patients with high BM TNF-alpa levels have a better chance of responding to PCD therapy and that the therapy is quite successful in reducing the TNF-alpha levels in a sustained fashion. Future studies need to be directed at identifying agents that would be more potent suppressors of the proapoptotic cytokines in these patients.
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J. Interferon Cytokine Res. · Oct 1998
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialThe bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients demonstrates increased interleukin-8 and elastase and decreased IL-10.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients continue to have reservoirs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in their sinuses and trachea after transplantation, and studies indicate that nontransplanted CF patients have high bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) levels of proinflammatory factors, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and elastase and decreased airway lavage levels of IL-10. The aims of our study were to measure the IL-8 and IL-10 levels and elastase activity in the BAL of lung transplant patients, with correlation to microbiologic and pathologic findings, and to identify any differences in the findings between CF and non-CF patients. Fifty serial BAL samples were collected from 38 lung transplant recipients over 8 months. ⋯ There was no association between allograft rejection and the markers studied. CF transplanted patients have higher airway lavage concentrations of IL-8 and elastase correlated to the presence of Pseudomonas in the lower airway. They also have lower BAL levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.