Inflammatory bowel diseases
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Inflamm. Bowel Dis. · Feb 2017
Comparative Study Observational StudyDiffusion-weighted MRI Enables to Accurately Grade Inflammatory Activity in Patients of Ileocolonic Crohn's Disease: Results from an Observational Study.
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a novel technique to evaluate bowel inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). It remains unclear whether DWI could differentiate grades of inflammation activity and add to the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in defining disease activity. We aimed to assess the accuracy of DWI for evaluating ileocolonic CD inflammation compared with conventional MRE, using ileocolonoscopy as reference standard. ⋯ DWI enables to accurately grade inflammatory activity in patients of ileocolonic CD and may be better suited than conventional MRE for monitoring the activity of CD.
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Inflamm. Bowel Dis. · Dec 2016
Infliximab Selectively Modulates the Circulating Blood Monocyte Repertoire in Crohn's Disease.
Infliximab (IFX), an anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) monoclonal antibody, provides clinical benefits in treating Crohn's disease (CD) but its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. This study investigated blood monocyte repertoires and the acute effects of IFX infusion on monocyte subset phenotype and function in IFX-treated patients with CD. ⋯ Actively managed CD is associated with monocyte repertoire skewing suggestive of chronic inflammatory stimulation. Infused IFX acutely targets monocytes, likely by binding to tmTNFα, resulting in a non-apoptosis-related decline in circulating monocyte numbers and blunting of the inflammatory response of monocytes remaining in the blood.
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Inflamm. Bowel Dis. · Dec 2016
Physical Activity Habits, Limitations, and Predictors in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large Cross-sectional Online Survey.
Limited evidence suggests that physical activity has beneficial effects in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to determine the physical activity habits of adults with IBD, the limitations to physical activity they experience because of their disease, and the extent to which their physical activity is affected by various demographic, clinical, and psychological factors. ⋯ This survey highlights several important factors that should be considered by designers of future physical activity interventions for people with IBD.
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Inflamm. Bowel Dis. · Sep 2016
Multicenter StudyMulti-Center Experience of Vedolizumab Effectiveness in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Though vedolizumab has received regulatory approval for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in adults, there is increasing off-label use in children. ⋯ Our results suggest that vedolizumab is efficacious and safe in pediatric IBD patients, with UC patients experiencing earlier and higher rates of remission than CD patients. Anti-TNF-naive patients experienced higher remission rates than those with anti-TNF exposure. Controlled clinical trial data are needed to confirm these observations.
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Inflamm. Bowel Dis. · Jul 2016
ReviewEpidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major source of morbidity and mortality for the U. S. health care system and frequently complicates the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with IBD are more likely to be colonized with C. difficile and develop active infection than the general population. ⋯ Fecal microbiota transplantation can be successful in curing recurrent CDI when other treatments have failed, but may also trigger IBD flare and this warrants caution. New experimental treatments including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and nontoxigenic strains of C. difficile offer promise but are not yet available for clinicians. A better understanding of the complex relationship between the gut microbiota, CDI, and IBD is needed.