Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention
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Multicenter Study
Exploring child car passenger safety practices in China: experience from a parental survey in Shanghai.
Little is known about child passenger safety practice in China. This study aims to describe child passenger seating and restraint practice in Shanghai. Information on 970 children enrolled in five randomly selected kindergartens in the Songjiang and Pudong districts of Shanghai was collected from a parental survey during 2008-2009. ⋯ Compared with unlicensed parents, guardian parents who have a driver's licence were more likely to use restraints for their child passengers. This study suggests restraint non-use and suboptimal seating position are common for child passengers in the Songjiang and Pudong districts of Shanghai, and identifies risk factors influencing restraint use and seating position choice for child passengers. There is an urgent need to improve child passenger safety in China and these findings indicate potential targets for educational interventions in the absence of child restraint laws.
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Bicycling is a popular means of transportation that is sometimes associated with injury from collisions. The authors analysed national data for the USA to evaluate bicyclist deaths associated with motor vehicle impacts. ⋯ Large expensive motor vehicles account for a disproportionate share of bicyclist deaths. Bicyclists, motorists, policy-makers and vehicle manufacturers need to consider more imaginative solutions to help prevent future deaths.
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Closed circuit television (CCTV) systems which incorporate real-time communication links between camera room operators and on-the-ground security may limit injuries resulting from alcohol-related assault. This pilot study examined CCTV footage and operator records of security responses for two periods totalling 22 days in 2010-2011 when 30 alcohol-related assaults were recorded. Semistructured discussions were conducted with camera room operators during 18 h of observation. ⋯ A further five (17%) assault incidents were also judged as potentially preventable, while 43% (n=13) happened too quickly for intervention. Case studies describe security intervention in each category. Further research is recommended, particularly to evaluate the effects on preventing injuries through targeted awareness training to improve responsiveness and enhance the preventative capacity of similar CCTV systems.
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Previous case-control studies on bicycle helmet efficacy are mostly Anglo-Saxon, and based on data from the early 1990s when hard-shell helmets were common. ⋯ This study confirms the protective effect for head and facial injuries, even though soft-shell helmets have now become more common. The reduction of risk is greater for serious head injuries. The study is inconclusive about the risk for neck injuries.
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To determine the proportion of hip fracture patients who experience long-term disability and to re-estimate the resulting burden of disease associated with hip fractures in Australia in 2003. ⋯ The original assumptions used in burden of disease studies grossly underestimate the long-term disability from hip fractures. The long-term consequences of other injuries may similarly have been underestimated and need to be re-examined. This has important implications for modelling the cost-effectiveness of preventive interventions where disability-adjusted life years are used as a measure of health outcome.