Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
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Clin. Microbiol. Infect. · Aug 2018
Prevalence, associated factors, outcomes and transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study.
To describe the prevalence, associated factors, treatment outcomes and transmission of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, for 2011 to 2013. ⋯ The prevalence of XDR-TB in the state of São Paulo is close to that estimated globally. Most of the XDR-TB patients were treated previously for TB and presented the lowest successful outcome rates. Because transmission of XDR-TB occurred, it is important that timely diagnosis of drug resistance is performed.
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Clin. Microbiol. Infect. · Jul 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialThe impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on virus-associated community-acquired pneumonia in elderly: Exploratory analysis of the CAPiTA trial.
Our objective was to evaluate whether vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) prevents the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by influenza (influenza-associated CAP, IA-CAP) or other respiratory viruses in the elderly. ⋯ In a randomized study of 84 496 elderly individuals with a high uptake of influenza vaccination, PCV13 was not associated with a statistically significant reduction of influenza or virus-associated CAP. Overall incidence of non-influenza viral pneumonia was low.
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Clin. Microbiol. Infect. · Jul 2018
Assessing prediction accuracy for outcomes of ventilator-associated events and infections in critically ill children: A prospective cohort study.
To assess the prediction accuracy of the 2008 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)/ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT), 2013 CDC definitions for ventilator-associated events (VAE) and a new VAE algorithm in the paediatric (Ped) population, the Ped-VAE. ⋯ The 2008 CDC criteria did not predict outcomes, whereas VAE only identified very severe events. The Ped-VAE algorithm had more accuracy predicting outcomes by characterizing lower oxygenation changes and identifying hypoxaemia severity, a major driver of management.
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Clin. Microbiol. Infect. · Jun 2018
Multicenter Study Observational StudyThe combined use of tigecycline with high-dose colistin might not be associated with higher survival in critically ill patients with bacteraemia due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
To assess the association of survival and treatment with colistin and tigecycline in critically ill patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteraemia. ⋯ Combined targeted therapy with high-dose colistin and standard dose tigecycline was not associated with lower crude mortality of bacteraemia due to carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii in critically ill patients.