Current pharmaceutical design
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The tumor suppressor PTEN serves as a negative regulator of PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway that regulates cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and migration. The PI3K/PTEN/Akt signaling cascades might also have effect on glucose uptake via translocation of GLUT-4. Insulin controls energy storage and the whole body glucose homeostasis. Its binding to insulin receptor on the surface of diverse cells allows glucose entry into cells, and activates a variety of cellular actions. Insulin resistance is a common metabolic feature and established risk factor of many diseases. Its fundamental principle is inability of insulin to exert its normal metabolic effects, and nutrient imbalance and abnormal lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissues. ⋯ Considering PTEN's important role in insulin resistance and tumor regulation, targeting the PTEN gene and/or protein will likely provide an efficient strategy for therapeutic intervention in cancer and metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common forms of cerebral hemorrhage, the morbidity and death of ICH is high worldwide. ICH can be spontaneous or caused by hypertension, coagulopathy, angiopathy, head trauma, bleeding disorders, tumors, or drug usage. ICH is the most serious and least treatable form of hemorrhagic stroke, with rapidly increasing hematoma size and often resulting in significant brain injury and long term neurological deficits. Surgical hematoma evacuation remains controversial. The currently therapy is mainly supportive with limited benefit. New therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. ⋯ Although ICH remains without an approved treatment proven to decrease morbidity and mortality, notable advances in the understanding of ICH pathophysiology and new drug development have been made in the last decade.
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Review Meta Analysis
Role of Melatonin in Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Some trials on animals and human claim that melatonin can influence body weight. So we conducted a systematic review of controlled trials of melatonin effects on weight of human subjects. ⋯ We concluded that once the standard treatment had increasing effect on body weight, melatonin could be able to slightly diminish this effect and vice versa. Subgroup analysis showed that melatonin was more effective in child and adolescents. According to the results hypothesis of the buffering role of melatonin on body weight fluctuations can be proposed.
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Review Meta Analysis
Role of Melatonin in Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Some trials on animals and human claim that melatonin can influence body weight. So we conducted a systematic review of controlled trials of melatonin effects on weight of human subjects. ⋯ We concluded that once the standard treatment had increasing effect on body weight, melatonin could be able to slightly diminish this effect and vice versa. Subgroup analysis showed that melatonin was more effective in child and adolescents. According to the results hypothesis of the buffering role of melatonin on body weight fluctuations can be proposed.
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This review focuses on the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with selexipag and compares its drug-related therapeutic effects with those of prostacyclin analogues. ⋯ Selexipag is a valuable addition to PAH therapeutics especially by reducing the PAH-related hospitalizations and thus improving quality of life in PAH patients.