Annals of surgery
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of gastric bypass versus diet on cardiovascular risk factors.
To assess the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and its apolipoprotein A4 (ApoA4) content at 1 year after bariatric surgery in comparison with a hypocaloric diet. Secondary aim was to measure total cholesterol and triglycerides levels and insulin sensitivity after interventions. ⋯ Our study shows that HDL-C and ApoA4 significantly increase after gastric bypass and that this increase is associated with a net improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, we speculate that ApoA4, which induces satiety in animals, can eventually play a role on the appetite reduction after RYGB because there is a strict and inverse relationship between weight and ApoA4 changes. (NCT01707771).
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Little is known about the effects of surgical residents' fatigue on patient safety. We monitored surgical residents' fatigue levels during their call day using (1) eye movement metrics, (2) objective measures of laparoscopic surgical performance, and (3) subjective reports based on standardized questionnaires. ⋯ Our data show, for the first time, that saccadic velocity is a reliable indicator of the subjective fatigue of health care professionals during prolonged time-on-duty. These findings have potential impacts for the development of neuroergonomic tools to detect fatigue among health professionals and in the specifications of future guidelines regarding residents' duty hours.
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To explore whether trauma center quality metrics based on historical data can reliably predict future trauma center performance. ⋯ Trauma center quality based on historical data is associated with subsequent patient outcomes. Patients currently admitted to trauma centers that are classified as low-quality centers using 2- to 5-year-old data are more likely to die than patients admitted to high-quality centers. However, although the future performance of individual trauma centers can be predicted using performance metrics based on 2-year-old data, the performance of individual centers cannot be predicted using data that are 3 years or older.
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The aims of this study were to investigate the convergent and discriminative validity and reliability of the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score in an international setting. ⋯ The Swedish, Spanish, German, and Danish versions of the LARS score have proven to be valid and reliable tools for measuring LARS in European rectal cancer patients.
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When and why portal vein thrombosis matters in liver transplantation: a critical audit of 174 cases.
To identify complications associated with different techniques utilized to treat portal vein thrombosis (PVT) during primary liver transplantation and their impact on survival. ⋯ The subset of PVT patients requiring nonphysiological portal vein reconstruction was associated with higher complication rates and suffered diminished long-term prognoses. For the most severe PVT cases, a comprehensive approach is critical to further improve outcomes.