Annals of surgery
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The objective of our study was to determine if differences in outcomes at treating facilities can help explain these age-based racial disparities in survival after trauma. ⋯ Nearly half of all young black trauma patients are treated at low-performing facilities. However, facility-based differences do not seem to explain the paradoxical age-based racial disparities after trauma observed in the older population.
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To define gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) phenotype changes with parenteral nutrition (PN) and PN with bombesin (BBS). ⋯ PN reduces lamina propria activated and T regulatory cells and also naive and memory B cells. BBS addition to PN maintains these cell phenotypes, demonstrating the intimate involvement of the enteric nervous system in mucosal immunity.