Annals of surgery
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To determine the cost-effectiveness of perioperative administration of pasireotide for reduction of pancreatic fistula (PF). ⋯ Pasireotide appears to be a cost-saving treatment following PD across a wide variation of clinical and cost scenarios.
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To evaluate risk factors for lymph node (LN) metastasis in mucosal gastric cancer, particularly the effect of cellular differentiation, and implications for the indication of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). ⋯ Because UD-type cancer is a risk factor for LN metastasis in mucosal gastric cancer, ESD cannot be concluded to be a better option than surgery in all UD-type cancer patients. Redefinition of the expanded indication of ESD is required.
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Demonstrate intratumoral genetic heterogeneity in rectal cancer. ⋯ Considerable intratumoral heterogeneity is present among naive rectal cancers. The majority of point mutations detected in different fragments from rectal cancers are frequently unique to a single fragment. These findings support that gene mutations found on single pretreatment biopsies will not necessarily be representative of mutations present in the entirety of the tumor and therefore may limit the utility of the biological information provided by single biopsy fragments for clinical management decisions.
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To explore the founding of the American Medical Association's Section on Surgery in 1859 and how it represented, on a national basis, the beginnings of organized surgery and the formal start of the professionalization and specialization of surgery in the United States. ⋯ The establishment of the American Medical Association's Section on Surgery in 1859 helped shape the nationwide future of the craft, in particular, surgery's rise as a specialty and profession.