Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
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The approach to managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) has generally involved either minimal on-scene resuscitation to reduce time to arrival at hospital or extended care at the scene to increase the chance of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) before transport. This study compared patient outcomes across EMS agencies with respect to the duration of on-scene time. We hypothesized that EMS agencies with greater average time on-scene would have more favorable outcomes. ⋯ This study suggests that HOSTAs have more favorable patient outcomes compared to LOSTAs. RESULTS indicate that spending more time on-scene performing resuscitation is associated with higher rates of ROSC, survival and survival with good neurologic function.
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Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is an advanced airway procedure for critically ill or injured patients. Paramedic-performed RSI in the prehospital setting remains controversial, as unsuccessful or poorly conducted RSI is known to result in significant complications. In Victoria, intensive care flight paramedics (ICFPs) have a broad scope of practice including RSI in both the adult and pediatric population. We sought to describe the success rates and characteristics of patients undergoing RSI by ICFPs in Victoria, Australia. ⋯ A very high RSI procedural success rate was observed across the study period. This supports the growing recognition that appropriately trained paramedics can perform RSI safely in the prehospital environment.
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Conducting out-of-hospital research is unique and challenging and requires tracking patients across multiple phases of care, using multiple sources of patient records and multiple hospitals. The logistics and strategies used for out-of-hospital research are distinct from other forms of clinical research. ⋯ In this study, we describe seven key aspects of designing and implementing out-of-hospital research in the era of EHRs: (1) selection of research sites, (2) defining the patient population, (3) patient sampling and sample size calculations, (4) EMS data, (5) hospital selection, (6) handling missing data, and (7) statistical analysis. We use examples from a recent prospective out-of-hospital cohort study to illustrate these topics, including lessons learned.
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Observational Study
Prehospital Interventions Performed on Pediatric Trauma Patients in Iraq and Afghanistan.
United States (US) and coalition military medical units deployed to combat zones frequently encounter pediatric trauma patients. Pediatric patients may present unique challenges due to their anatomical and physiological characteristics and most military prehospital providers lack pediatric-specific training. A minimal amount of data exists to illuminate the prehospital care of pediatric patients in this environment. We describe the prehospital care of pediatric trauma patients in Iraq and Afghanistan. ⋯ Pediatric subjects comprised over 1 in 13 casualties treated in the joint theaters with the majority injured by explosives. Vascular access and hypothermia prevention interventions were the most frequently performed procedures.
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Meta Analysis
Flight Versus Ground Out-of-hospital Rapid Sequence Intubation Success: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a critical procedure performed by both air medical and ground based emergency medical services (EMS). Previous work has suggested that ETI success rates are greater for air medical providers. However, air medical providers may have greater airway experience, enhanced airway education, and access to alternative ETI options such as rapid sequence intubation (RSI). We sought to analyze the impact of the type of EMS on RSI success. ⋯ Both overall and first-pass success of RSI did not differ between flight and road based EMS. Flight physicians have a higher overall and first-pass success compared to flight non-physicians and all ground based EMS, but no such differences are seen for ground EMS. Our results suggest that ground EMS can use RSI with similar outcomes compared to their flight counterparts.