Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors
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While several studies have focused on preliminary data and outcomes associated with prehospital buprenorphine administration interventions, to date there has been little discussion of the challenges experienced during the initial implementation of a prehospital buprenorphine protocol. In this case series we examine 3 separate patient encounters with different crews, patients, and receiving emergency medicine (EM) physicians, which highlight initial challenges experienced with implementing the first prehospital buprenorphine program in a rural Appalachian County within South Carolina. In 2 cases we highlight conflicts that may require collegial intervention and education of local receiving EM physicians regarding the new prehospital protocol. In 1 case we describe a patient who was eligible but not enrolled due to a misunderstanding among an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinician of how to correctly apply protocol criteria. We discuss the management of each implementation issue and outcomes after follow-up with members of the study team. As these novel programs emerge, understanding the potential challenges and personal biases that may be encountered when implementing a prehospital buprenorphine administration protocol is essential to inform organizations planning to implement similar programs.
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Clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) focuses on preventing secondary injury from cerebral edema and ongoing anoxic injury. Consensus guidelines recommend maintaining systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 110 mmHg. A recent prehospital study suggested lowest adjusted mortality from 130 mmHg to 180 mmHg, suggesting the ideal pressure may be higher. This study aims to explore and externally validate the association between lowest out-of-hospital SBP and mortality in a nationwide database. ⋯ Out-of-hospital SBP is a significant predictor of mortality in subjects with severe TBI. These results suggest an optimized SBP range 110-158 mmHg, consistent with current consensus guidelines of SBP > 110 mmHg but may suggest benefit for higher SBP targets in older patients.
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In 2021, the opioid overdose crisis led to 1441 fatalities in Chicago, the highest number ever recorded. Interdisciplinary post-overdose follow-up teams provide care at a critical window to mitigate opioid-related risk and associated fatalities. Our objective was to describe a pilot follow-up program in Chicago including eligible overdose incidents, provision of response team services, and program barriers and successes. ⋯ The CARE ORT model proved successful in engaging predominantly older, non-Hispanic Black men in post-overdose outreach who were stably housed. While the number of individuals reached compared to the total eligible individuals was low, the program successfully navigated multiple barriers of limited EMS referral information, limited accuracy of data management, and urban realities of public overdose locations to reach a marginalized patient population with a high risk of mortality.
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Take home naloxone kits can reduce mortality, but we know little about how they are perceived by people with lived experience of opioid use. Provision of naloxone in the community has been shown to significantly reduce mortality from opioid overdose. Currently, this is predominantly through drug treatment support services but expanding provision through other services might be effective in increasing kit take-up and mortality reduction. This study aimed to examine participants' experiences of opiate overdose and acceptability of provision of naloxone kits through ambulance/paramedic emergency services (EMS) and hospital Emergency Departments (ED). ⋯ Participants felt naloxone kits were an important resource and they wanted increased provision across a range of services including EMS and hospital ED staff as well as community pharmacies and needle exchange centers. Participants wanted naloxone kit provision to be extended to peers, family and friends.
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Despite early evidence of effectiveness, cost-savings, and resource optimization, mobile integrated health (MIH) programs have not been widely implemented in the United States. System, community, and organizational-level barriers often hinder evidence-based public health interventions, such as MIH programs, from being broadly adopted into real-world clinical practice. The objective of this study is to identify solutions to the barriers impeding the implementation of MIH through interviews with multilevel stakeholders. ⋯ An investigation of solutions to barriers that impede the translation of MIH models into sustainable practice elicited several unifying themes including the establishment of a cohesive identity for MIH to improve engagement and dissemination, the use of a strategic approach to program design that aligns with existing healthcare delivery workflows and collaboration with payors to promote a robust reimbursement structure. These findings may help accelerate the implementation of MIH programs into real clinical practice.