The veterinary journal
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The veterinary journal · Sep 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialComparison of intrarectal ozone, ozone administered in acupoints and meloxicam for postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
Since all analgesics currently available for use in dogs have been associated with some adverse effects, the search for an effective analgesic that does not cause harm is important. This study investigated the postoperative analgesic effects of ozone administered either intrarectally or into acupoints in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OH). Twenty-four healthy adult bitches were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments 10 min after sedation, as follows: 0.2mg/kg of intramuscular (IM) meloxicam (M); rectal insufflation of 10 mL of 30 μg/mL ozone (OI), or acupoint injection of 0.5 mL ozone (30 μg/mL; OA). ⋯ Two dogs treated with OA required rescue analgesia. Meloxicam, rectal insufflation of ozone and ozone injected into acupoints provided satisfactory analgesia for 24h in bitches undergoing elective OH. Ozone had no measurable adverse effects and is an alternative option to promote pain relief.
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The veterinary journal · Aug 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialComparing lidocaine, bupivacaine and a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture as a metacarpal block in sheep.
Mechanical sensory blocking effects in the metacarpi of rams were compared following perineural injection of saline, 2% lidocaine (LIDO), 0.5% bupivacaine (BUPI), and a 1:1 (volume/volume) mixture of LIDO-BUPI. Saline was also administered in the contralateral metacarpi. Compared with the saline treatment and contralateral controls, the various treatments induced larger area under the curve (AUC) values 0-60 min post-treatment (AUC0-60). ⋯ Anaesthesia occurred within 5 min following the administration of all local anaesthetics and lasted longer in the case of BUPI (110.0 ± 47.3 min) than with LIDO (40.0 ± 13.2 min) (P<0.01). The duration of anaesthesia was 86.9 ± 66.0 min with the LIDO-BUPI combination. Thus this combination offered no apparent advantages over the use of BUPI alone.
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The veterinary journal · Oct 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of a stepwise lung recruitment manoeuvre and positive end-expiratory pressure on lung compliance and arterial blood oxygenation in healthy dogs.
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a stepwise lung recruitment manoeuvre (RM) on dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) and gas exchange in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs. Fourteen healthy adult dogs, scheduled for elective surgery in dorsal recumbency were employed. After anaesthetic induction, dogs were mechanically ventilated in a volume-controlled mode (tidal volume, VT=10 mL/kg); positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)=0 cm H(2)O; oxygen inspired fraction (FiO(2))=0.4 for 30 min (baseline). ⋯ Cdyn increased in the RM group (183 ± 30% and 165 ± 24% at 20 and 60 min, respectively; P=0.000). The baseline partial pressure of arterial oxygen to FiO(2) ratio (PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio) did not change in the control group, but was higher in the RM group (527 ± 41 mm Hg and 511 ± 46 mm Hg at 20 and 60 min, respectively; baseline 371 ± 34 mm Hg, P<0.001). In conclusion, a stepwise RM followed by the use of PEEP improves Cdyn and oxygenation in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs.
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The veterinary journal · Aug 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of lidocaine constant rate infusion on sevoflurane requirement, autonomic responses, and postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariectomy under opioid-based balanced anesthesia.
The effects of constant rate infusion (CRI) of lidocaine on sevoflurane (SEVO) requirements, autonomic responses to noxious stimulation, and postoperative pain relief were evaluated in dogs undergoing opioid-based balanced anesthesia. Twenty-four dogs scheduled for elective ovariectomy were randomly assigned to one of four groups: BC, receiving buprenorphine without lidocaine; FC, receiving fentanyl without lidocaine; BL, receiving buprenorphine and lidocaine; FL, receiving fentanyl and lidocaine. Dogs were anesthetized with intravenous (IV) diazepam and ketamine and anesthesia maintained with SEVO in oxygen/air. ⋯ Lidocaine CRI produced median drug plasma concentrations <0.4 μg/mL during peak surgical stimulation. Lidocaine produced a 14% decrease in E'SEVO in the BL (P<0.01) but none in the FL group and no change in cardio-pulmonary responses to surgery or postoperative behaviors and pain scores in any group. Thus, depending on the opioid used, supplementing opioid-based balanced anesthesia with lidocaine (50 μg/kg/min) may not have any or only a minor impact on anesthetic outcome in terms of total anesthetic dose, autonomic responses to visceral nociception, and postoperative analgesia.
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The veterinary journal · Jul 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialPharmacokinetics of intravenous and intramuscular parecoxib in healthy Beagles.
Parecoxib is an inactive pro-drug that is rapidly converted to valdecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor registered for the management of post-operative pain in humans. Recent studies have suggested that parecoxib has excellent clinical efficacy and safety in veterinary species. The aim of the current study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of parecoxib and valdecoxib after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration. ⋯ The half-life of valdecoxib was about 2 h, which was shorter than reported for humans, although the plasma concentrations following both routes of administration were likely to be effective for analgesia. The absolute bioavailability of parecoxib was 66%. The pharmacokinetic features of parecoxib make it suitable for treatment of acute pain in the canine species.