British journal of anaesthesia
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Comparative Study
Response of 10 pulse oximeters to an in vitro test system.
Pulse oximeters are often used in situations in which severe hypoxaemia may occur. We have developed an in vitro system to test the accuracy of pulse oximeter calibration. ⋯ The oximeters tested varied widely in their accuracy and linearity. We conclude that the system can test the accuracy, reproducibility and linearity of response of pulse oximeter readings at low oxyhaemoglobin saturations.
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Fentanyl and bupivacaine were tested for their stability when diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride to 4 micrograms ml-1 and 0.1% respectively, in 100-ml polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags, alone and in combination, with and without adrenaline 1:200,000. Changes in drug concentration and pH were investigated for 56 days. The combination of fentanyl, bupivacaine and adrenaline was tested under varying environmental conditions of 35 degrees C, 4 degrees C, -18 degrees C, room temperature, darkness and after autoclaving. ⋯ Adrenaline was progressively degraded to a maximum reduction of 37.3% at 35 degrees C by day 56. Solutions containing adrenaline became more acidic over 56 days. Fentanyl and bupivacaine were stable.
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A disposable patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device was evaluated in 20 children after major abdominal, urological and orthopaedic surgery. All patients were given a high dependency level of nursing care in general wards. ⋯ Morphine consumption was similar with the two techniques, but varied widely between patients. The disposable device has a complementary role to play in the provision of a comprehensive pain relief service for children.
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A 20-yr-old primigravida at 38 weeks gestation with premature rupture of membranes and evidence of fetal distress required urgent Caesarean section. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta had been made 4 days earlier. ⋯ Difficulties in the administration of general anaesthesia to patients with osteogenesis imperfecta were recognized and managed accordingly. These problems are discussed and the importance of early antenatal assessment of such patients by the department of anaesthesia is emphasized.