British journal of anaesthesia
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Previous studies have identified no strong correlation between patients' height and tracheal length in anaesthetized patients. We have attempted to compare vocal cords-carina distance (VCD) in Chinese patients with the dimensions of five commonly used tracheal tubes. In addition, we attempted to find a surface anatomy measurement that would identify patients with 'short tracheas'. ⋯ A significant number of patients with short VCD in our study group could be at risk of endobronchial intubation with many of the tracheal tubes. Patient height and thyrosternal distance can be useful in predicting short tracheas.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Etomidate-Lipuro is associated with considerably less injection pain in children compared with propofol with added lidocaine.
Propofol is associated with a high incidence of injection pain in children, even if given together with lidocaine. A new lipid formulation of etomidate (Etomidate-Lipuro) has been found in adults to cause very little discomfort during i.v. injection. The aim of the present prospective, double-blind, randomized trial was to compare the incidence of injection pain during i.v. induction of anaesthesia between propofol with added lidocaine (previous standard) and this new etomidate formulation in paediatric patients. ⋯ The use of a new lipid formulation of etomidate is associated with significantly less injection pain than propofol with added lidocaine in children. This finding may warrant a change in clinical practice in order to avoid unnecessary pain in children.
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Effects of temperature gradient correction of carbon dioxide absorbent on carbon dioxide absorption.
The effects of temperature gradients in CO(2) absorbents on water content and CO(2) absorption are not clear. We constructed a novel temperature gradient correction (TGC) canister, and investigated the effects of temperature gradient correction on the water content and longevity (time to exhaustion) of CO(2) absorbent using a simulated anaesthesia circuit. ⋯ Temperature gradient correction prevented a local excessive increase in water content and improved the longevity of CO(2) absorbent.
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Practical, valid and reliable pain measuring tools in neonates are required in clinical practice for effective pain management and prevention of the evaluator bias. ⋯ Based on our findings, we recommended NIPS as a valid, reliable and practical tool.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Intranasal lidocaine 8% spray for second-division trigeminal neuralgia.
Trigeminal nerve block has been widely used for trigeminal neuralgia. This may induce paraesthesia. The second division of the trigeminal nerve passes through the sphenopalatine ganglion, which is located posterior to the middle turbinate and is covered by a mucous membrane. We examined the effectiveness of intranasal lidocaine 8% spray on paroxysmal pain in second-division trigeminal neuralgia. ⋯ Intranasal lidocaine 8% administered by a metered-dose spray produced prompt but temporary analgesia without serious adverse reactions in patients with second-division trigeminal neuralgia.