British journal of anaesthesia
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Comparative Study
Differential effects of halothane and sevoflurane on hypoxia-induced intracellular calcium transients of neonatal rat carotid body type I cells.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of halothane and sevoflurane on the magnitude of the increase in intracellular calcium with hypoxia in carotid body type I (glomus) cells. We wished to ascertain if the effects of these agents in single cells paralleled their known effects on the human hypoxic ventilatory response, where halothane depresses this response more than does sevoflurane. ⋯ The actions of the agents in single cells reflect their known influence on human hypoxic ventilatory response, consistent with the notion that the cellular process underlies the whole-body effect. The responses to elevated extracellular potassium, which depolarizes the cell membrane, indicate that (in addition to molecular mechanisms previously proposed), voltage-activated calcium channels may also be involved in the anaesthetic effect.
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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of increasing doses of norepinephrine (NE) with or without arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on intestinal oxygen supply and jejunal mucosal tissue oxygen tension in an acute endotoxic pig model. ⋯ Both NE and NE+AVP improved global haemodynamics and systemic oxygen transport variables when compared with control animals in an acute endotoxic pig model. NE improved jejunal PO2muc at all dosages. NE effects were significantly blunted by simultaneous administration of AVP.
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Review Meta Analysis
Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy and gastrointestinal complications in major surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is one of the most frequent complications in surgical patients. Most cases are associated with episodes of splanchnic hypoperfusion due to hypovolaemia or cardiac dysfunction. It has been suggested that perioperative haemodynamic goal-directed therapy (GDT) may reduce the incidence of these complications in cardiac surgery, and other surgery, but clear evidence is lacking. ⋯ Treatment did not reduce hepatic injury rate (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.19-1.55). Quality sensitive analyses confirmed the main overall results. In patients undergoing major surgery, GDT, by maintaining an adequate systemic oxygenation, can protect organs particularly at risk of perioperative hypoperfusion and is effective in reducing GI complications.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Randomized controlled trial of the Pentax AWS, Glidescope, and Macintosh laryngoscopes in predicted difficult intubation.
The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for the Pentax AWS and the Glidescope to reduce the difficulty of tracheal intubation in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation, in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. ⋯ The AWS and the Glidescope laryngoscopes reduced the difficulty of tracheal intubation to a similar extent compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, in patients at increased risk for difficult tracheal intubation.