British journal of anaesthesia
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated sensory neuropathy (SN) is the most frequent neurological complication of HIV disease. Among the probable mechanisms underlying HIV-SN are neurotoxicity induced by the HIV glycoprotein gp120 and antiretroviral therapies (ART). Since HIV-SN prevalence remains high in patients who have not been exposed to toxic ART drugs, here we focused on gp120-mediated mechanisms underlying HIV-SN. ⋯ Our findings highlight macrophages in the pathogenesis of HIV-SN and upstream modulation of macrophage response as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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During systemic inflammation, leucocytes are activated and extravasate into damaged tissue. Activation and recruitment are influenced by different mechanisms, including the interaction of leucocytes with platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4) dampens systemic inflammation in vivo. ⋯ Our findings suggest that HES 130/0.4 significantly reduces neutrophil-platelet aggregates, NET formation, chemokine-induced arrest, and transmigration of neutrophils under inflammatory conditions.