British journal of anaesthesia
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Comparative Study
The anion study: effect of different crystalloid solutions on acid base balance, physiology, and survival in a rodent model of acute isovolaemic haemodilution.
Commercially available crystalloid solutions used for volume replacement do not exactly match the balance of electrolytes found in plasma. Large volume administration may lead to electrolyte imbalance and potential harm. We hypothesised that haemodilution using solutions containing different anions would result in diverse biochemical effects, particularly on acid-base status, and different outcomes. ⋯ With progressive haemodilution, resuscitation with a chloride-based solution induced more acidosis compared with lactate- and acetate-based solutions, but outcomes were similar. No short-term impact was seen from hyperchloraemia in this model.
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Adiponectin, a cytokine secreted by adipocytes, plays an important role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the role of adiponectin in pain conditions is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the role and mechanism of adiponectin in nociceptive sensitivity under physiological and pathological states utilising adiponectin knockout (KO) mice. ⋯ Our results show that adiponectin regulates thermal nociceptive sensitivity by inhibiting activation of DRG neurones, spinal microglia, and somatosensory cortical neurones in physiological and neuropathic pain states. This study has relevance for patients with adiponectin disorders, such as obesity and diabetes.
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The mechanisms by which hypertonic sodium lactate (HSL) solution act in injured brain are unclear. We investigated the effects of HSL on brain metabolism, oxygenation, and perfusion in a rodent model of diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ These findings indicate that the hypertonic sodium lactate solution can reverse brain oxygenation and metabolism dysfunction after traumatic brain injury through vasodilatory, mitochondrial, and anti-oedema effects.
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Cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery leads to impaired microcirculatory perfusion. We hypothesized that vascular leakage is an important contributor to microcirculatory dysfunction. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce vascular leakage in septic mice. We investigated whether prevention of vascular leakage using imatinib preserves microcirculatory perfusion and reduces organ injury markers in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass. ⋯ Prevention of endothelial barrier dysfunction using imatinib preserved microcirculatory perfusion and oxygenation during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Moreover, imatinib-induced protection of endothelial barrier integrity reduced fluid-resuscitation requirements and attenuated renal and pulmonary injury markers.