British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pharmacokinetics of ketamine and its major metabolites norketamine, hydroxynorketamine, and dehydronorketamine: a model-based analysis.
Recent studies show activity of ketamine metabolites, such as hydroxynorketamine, in producing rapid relief of depression-related symptoms and analgesia. To improve our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and metabolites norketamine, dehydronorketamine, and hydroxynorketamine, we developed a population pharmacokinetic model of ketamine and metabolites after i.v. administration of racemic ketamine and the S-isomer (esketamine). Pharmacokinetic data were derived from an RCT on the efficacy of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in reducing the psychotomimetic side-effects of ketamine in human volunteers. ⋯ Dutch Cochrane Center 5359.
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We compared anaesthetists' ability to identify haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels using two auditory displays: one based on a standard pulse oximeter display (varying pitch plus alarm) and the other enhanced with additional sound properties (varying pitch plus tremolo and acoustic brightness) to differentiate SpO2 ranges. ⋯ The enhanced auditory display helps anaesthetists judge SpO2 levels more effectively than current auditory displays and may facilitate 'eyes-free' monitoring.
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Observational Study
Utility of changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide after volume expansion to assess fluid responsiveness in the operating room: a prospective observational study.
From a physiological viewpoint, changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) could be a simple, noninvasive, and inexpensive way to monitor changes in cardiac index. This study aimed to assess the utility of changes in EtCO2 as a marker of fluid responsiveness after volume expansion in the operating room. ⋯ NCT03635307.