British journal of anaesthesia
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Comparative Study
Comparison of the fresh gas flow requirements and resistance of the Preferential Flow System with those of the Magill system.
The fresh gas flow requirements of the Preferential Flow System have been compared with those of the Magill system in spontaneously breathing volunteers and found to be similar. A lower resistance to expiration was found with the Preferential Flow System and the effectiveness of the valveless method of flow direction was demonstrated.
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The effect of increasing end-tidal enflurane concentration on the auditory evoked response was studied in six patients. After a standard induction, anesthesia was maintained with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and the end-tidal enflurane concentration was increased gradually from 0 to 1% over a period of 30 min. ⋯ These results could not be explained by changes in deep body temperature or end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. The study demonstrated a dose-related direct effect of enflurane on the brainstem and early cortical components of the auditory evoked response.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Single injection spinal anaesthesia with amethocaine and morphine for transurethral prostatectomy.
The intrathecal administration of amethocaine plus morphine as an anaesthetic technique for providing surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia was evaluated in 24 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. The efficacy of the technique was compared with that observed following spinal anaesthesia with amethocaine alone. ⋯ In group II the addition of morphine 1 mg to the amethocaine produced excellent surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia and these patients had significantly less postoperative pain than the patients who received amethocaine alone. There was a high frequency of side-effects associated with intrathecal morphine in group II, for example, subtle respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and pruritus.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of intrathecal morphine, injected with bupivacaine, on pain after orthopaedic surgery.
Morphine hydrochloride 0.4 mg was administered with isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine intrathecally for orthopaedic surgery and produced good analgesia for about 24 h after operation in both elderly (60-80 yr) and middle-aged patients (30-50 yr). Morphine 0.2 mg (older patients only) was not as effective in preventing pain after operation, but even this dose postponed the requirement for analgesia. Morphine did not change the quality of spinal anaesthesia. ⋯ Severe delayed respiratory depression was not noted. Urinary retention and minor voiding difficulties were the most disturbing side-effects. This complication did not appear to be dose-dependent, and also occurred in patients not receiving morphine.