British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Zomepirac, placebo and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination compared in orthopaedic postoperative pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Atracurium: its speed of onset. A comparison with suxamethonium.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of injected volume and speed of injection on the spread of spinal anaesthesia with isobaric amethocaine.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Onset time and duration of action for atracurium, Org NC45 and pancuronium.
Speed of onset, maximum block, duration of action and 10-25% recovery time for atracurium, Org NC 45 and pancuronium were determined using equipotent doses: 330 micrograms kg-1, 66 micrograms kg-1 and 75 micrograms kg-1 respectively. Vein-to-muscle and artery-to-muscle onset times were measured by use of simultaneous recordings. Mean speeds of onset to 95% twitch depression were: atracurium 2.7 min, Org NC 45 2.8 min and pancuronium 3.6 min. ⋯ The differences were statistically significant. The recovery period from 10% to 25% twitch response was considerably longer for pancuronium than for the other drugs, which did not differ significantly from each other. We were unable to validate the artery-to-muscle technique in the determination of onset time.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Plasma pharmacokinetics of morphine after i.m., extradural and intrathecal administration.
Eighteen patients received morphine 0.2 mg kg-1 in 0.9% saline i.m. (n = 6), extradurally (n = 6), or in a 10% dextrose solution intrathecally (n = 6) for pain relief operation. Plasma unmetabolized morphine was isolated by extraction using liquid-solid chromatography and measured by radioimmunoassay. Conjugated morphine was calculated from the difference between total immunoreactive morphine and unmetabolized morphine. ⋯ Prolonged analgesia observed following extradural and intrathecal administration was caused by a small quantity of unmetabolized morphine. Extradural and i.m. groups showed the same pharmacokinetic patterns although extradural analgesia is much more prolonged. Morphine glucuronide appeared later in blood in the intrathecal group than in the two other groups.