International journal of clinical practice
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Urea is a well-known moisturiser and keratolytic topical agent. As it is widely used in dermatology, several formulations at different concentrations have been marketed: lotions, creams, foams, ointments, gels and lacquers. Availability of different vehicles and concentration may vary in different countries, but in general products at low, medium and high urea concentration are accessible worldwide. The proper formulation should be chosen according to the disorder to treat, its severity, body areas involved and patients' preference.
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Urea is an emollient widely used in clinical dermatology to moisturise and protect the skin. Non-invasive techniques can be useful in evaluating and quantifying the moisturising and hydrating properties of topically applied urea. Amongst these, transepidermal water loss, skin conductance and capacitance are the most widely used. ⋯ Ultrasound and mechanical properties can be used to investigate the effects on skin smoothness and tone. In conclusion, urea is a fundamental ingredient of cosmetic and dermatological formulations and can have several positive effects on skin function. These can be easily investigated and monitored using non-invasive techniques measuring the stratum corneum function.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Dec 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialA Comparative Study for the Effects of Nifedipine GITS and Amlodipine Besylate Administrated in Daytime or at Nighttime on Recovery of Blood Pressure Rhythm and Arterial Stiffness in the Young and Middle-aged Subjects with Non-dipper Hypertension (NARRAS): Design and Rationale.
Hypertensive patients with a blunted or absent nocturnal blood pressure (BP) drop (non-dipper) are associated with arterial stiffening and additional cardiovascular risk. Non-dipper hypertension is prevalent in young and middle-aged adults; but the optimal antihypertensive strategy remains unclear. There is a need to explore the effects of different antihypertensive agents and time of administration on recovery of dipper rhythm and arterial stiffness in this population. ⋯ NARRAS study is the first RCT to evaluate the effects of nifedipine GITS and amlodipine besylate on restoration of dipping rhythm and arterial elasticity, either administrated in the morning or evening, in younger non-dipper hypertensive subjects. The findings of NARRAS are likely to be potential to facilitate new therapeutic strategies for this condition.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Dec 2020
Assessment of clinical features and renal functions in Coronavirus disease-19: A retrospective analysis of 96 patients.
The most common extra pulmonary organ dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome is acute kidney injury. Current data so far indicate low incidence of AKI in Covid-19 disease. ⋯ Our study demonstrated that Covid-19 can cause renal impairment both with pneumonia and ARDS. A large-scale prospective randomised studies are needed to reach final judgement about this topic.