International journal of clinical practice
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Sep 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of Vitamin D and calcium supplementation on ischaemic stroke outcome: a randomised controlled open-label trial.
Vitamin D deficiency is a common problem in stroke survivors. Observational studies have reported an association of low vitamin D levels with greater stroke severity, poststroke mortality and functional disability. Randomised clinical trials are lacking. We sought to assess the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in ischaemic stroke survivors with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency on disability/mortality outcomes. ⋯ This is the first randomised controlled study assessing the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on ischaemic stroke outcomes and points towards a potential benefit. Findings need to be validated by a larger trial.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Aug 2016
Words will never hurt me? Preferred terms for describing obesity and binge eating.
This study evaluated individuals' language preferences for discussing obesity and binge eating. ⋯ Preferred terms were generally consistent across sex, weight status and binge-eating status. Using terms ranked more preferably and avoiding terms ranked more undesirably may enhance clinical interactions, particularly when discussing obesity with women and individuals reporting binge eating, as these groups had stronger aversion to some non-preferred terms. Findings that the selected binge-related descriptions were rated neutrally on average provide support for their use by clinicians.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Aug 2016
Review Comparative StudyEfficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists compared with exenatide and liraglutide in type 2 diabetes: a systemic review of randomised controlled trials.
Once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown promising results in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Herein, we compared the efficacy and safety of once-weekly GLP-1RAs with exenatide and liraglutide separately. ⋯ Once-weekly GLP-1RAs were more effective in controlling glycaemia and equally effective in decreasing body weight than twice-daily exenatide but were inferior to liraglutide in controlling these two parameters (dulaglutide was similar with liraglutide in controlling glycaemia). Once-weekly GLP-1RAs, exenatide and liraglutide had a similar risk of causing AEs.
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Int. J. Clin. Pract. · Aug 2016
Predictive validity of the ACC/AHA pooled cohort equations in predicting cancer-specific mortality in a National Prospective Cohort Study of Adults in the United States.
The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines recently developed the Pooled Cohort Risk (PCR) equations to predict 10-years risk for a first atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event. The predictive validity of these PCR equations on cancer-specific mortality among a national sample of US adults has yet to be evaluated, which was this study's purpose. ⋯ Ten-year predicted risk of a first ASCVD event via the PCR equations were significantly associated with cancer-specific mortality in a national sample of US adults (40-79 years) whom were free of cancer and CVD at baseline. In this American adult sample, the PCR equations provide evidence of predictive validity for cancer-specific mortality, particularly among those without cancer.