The British journal of nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of meal fat quality on oxidation resistance of postprandial VLDL and LDL particles and plasma triacylglycerol level.
This study was performed to examine the postprandial effects of meals containing dietary fats, with their natural fatty acid composition and tocopherol content, on the plasma triacylglycerols (TG) and tocopherols and on the resistance of VLDL and LDL to oxidation. On six separate days eighteen healthy male subjects were given low-fat meals (LF) or the LF meals enriched with sunflower oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), olive oil (OO), palm oil (PO), or butter (B) in a crossover design. The fat-rich meals all resulted in similar postprandial TG responses while the LF test meal did not increase plasma TG level. ⋯ The gamma-tocopherol content of VLDL was highest after RO-meal as compared with all other test meals (P = 0.0019), and higher after SO as compared with B (P = 0.0148). Large individual differences were noted. In conclusion, meals enriched with different fats lead to the formation of VLDL particles with varying resistance to oxidation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Postprandial lipoprotein, glucose and insulin responses after two consecutive meals containing rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or palm oil with or without glucose at the first meal.
There is increasing evidence that the degree of postprandial lipaemia may be of importance in the development of atherosclerosis and IHD. Postprandial lipid, lipoprotein, glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were investigated in eleven healthy young males after randomized ingestion of meals containing rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or palm oil with or without a glucose drink. On six occasions each subject consumed consecutive meals (separated by 1.75 h) containing 70 g (15 g and 55 g respectively) of each oil. ⋯ The NEFA and triacylglycerol concentrations at 1.5 h were reduced when 50 g glucose was taken with the first meal (ANOVA, P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05 respectively), regardless of meal fatty acid composition. In conclusion, the consumption of glucose with a mixed meal containing either rapeseed, sunflower or palm oil influenced the immediate triacylglycerol and NEFA responses compared with the same meal without glucose, whereas no significant effect on postprandial lipaemia after a subsequent meal was observed. The fatty acid composition of the meal did not significantly affect the lipid and lipoprotein responses, whereas an effect on insulin responses was observed.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
No effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on short-term satiety and energy intake in man.
Centrally administered glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) inhibits feeding in fasted rats, but its role in human satiety has been largely unexplored. The present study investigated the effect of peripheral GLP-1 infusion on gastric emptying and satiety in man. Ten non-obese male subjects were infused in a randomized single-blind within-subject crossover study using saline infusion as control. ⋯ Self-assessment of hunger and satiety was similarly unaffected by the infusion before the buffet meal, although subjects tended to be less hungry after the buffet meal following GLP-1 infusion (P < 0.09). GLP-1 infusion delayed gastric emptying but had a minimal effect on food intake and satiety. This study casts doubts on whether GLP-1 is a major satiety factor in man, although a raised circulating plasma glucose level, as would normally occur postprandially, might be necessary for GLP-1 to increase satiety.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The effect of long-term calcium supplementation on indices of iron, zinc and magnesium status in lactating Gambian women.
The effect of long-term supplementation with CaCO3 on indices of Fe, Zn and Mg status was investigated in a randomized, double-blind intervention study of sixty lactating Gambian women. The supplement contained 1000 mg Ca and was consumed between meals 5 d/week, for 1 year starting 1.5 weeks postpartum. Compliance was 100%. ⋯ Low plasma concentrations of ferritin and Zn indicated that the Gambian women were at high risk of Fe and Zn deficiency. Measurements of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin suggested that the results were not confounded by acute-phase responses. The results of the present study indicate that 1000 mg Ca as CaCO3 given between meals does not deleteriously affect plasma ferritin and Zn concentrations or urinary Mg excretion in women who are at risk of Fe and Zn deficiency.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Iron absorption from a malted cocoa drink fortified with ferric orthophosphate using the stable isotope 58Fe as an extrinsic label.
The potential use of an extrinsic label to measure iron absorption from a ferric orthophosphate-fortified malted cocoa drink was examined by measuring the solubility of the FePO4 in 0.1 M-hydrochloric acid. The validity of using the stable isotope 58Fe as an extrinsic label was tested by comparing Fe absorption by rats from wheat flour extrinsically-labelled with 58Fe or 59Fe. Fe absorption from a malted cocoa drink (20 g powder made up with hot water) fortified with FePO4 (0.5 mg Fe/g powder) was measured in human subjects using 58Fe as an extrinsic label. ⋯ Fasting had a significant effect on Fe availability; rats given the drink shortly after a small meal absorbed less than half as much Fe as those given the drink on a fasted stomach. It was concluded that the FePO4 used to fortify the malted cocoa drink was as well absorbed as FeSO4 but that the high levels of absorption were a reflection of the fasting condition of the subjects. The level of ascorbic acid was not great enough to enhance the availability of the FePO4 any further.