Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a powerful MR imaging technique that can be used to probe the microstructural environment of highly anisotropic tissues such as peripheral nerves. DTI has been used predominantly in the central nervous system, and its application in the peripheral nervous system does pose some challenges related to imaging artifacts, the small caliber of peripheral nerves, and low water proton density. However advances in MRI hardware and software have made it possible to use the technique in the peripheral nervous system and to obtain functional data relating to the effect of pathologic processes on peripheral nerves. This article reviews the imaging principles behind DTI and examines the literature regarding its application in assessing peripheral nerves.
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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol · Apr 2015
ReviewHereditary and acquired polyneuropathy conditions of the peripheral nerves: clinical considerations and MR neurography imaging.
Polyneuropathies can be classified as either primarily demyelinating or axonal, and further as hereditary or acquired. It is important to recognize acquired neuropathies because some are amenable to treatment. ⋯ Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is a helpful supplementary diagnostic tool. This article discusses the typical clinical findings, electrophysiology findings, and MRN appearances of common hereditary or acquired neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, and postsurgical neuropathy.
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MRI of the peripheral nerves continues to grow technologically and in clinical use. This article reviews the technological aspects and basic interpretation of high-resolution MR imaging of the upper extremity nerves. These techniques work with 1.5-, or preferably 3-T, scanners regardless of vendors. The article also includes selected pitfalls in the interpretation of upper extremity nerve MRI.
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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol · Apr 2015
ReviewCurrent MR neurography techniques and whole-body MR neurography.
MR neurography (MRN) techniques continue to evolve, leading to a better demonstration of peripheral nerve anatomy and pathology. This article discusses various technical perspectives and provides recommendations to obtain the best possible high-resolution imaging of the peripheral nerves in various areas of the body. We also discuss technical perspectives of whole-body MRN and its potential utility.
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Peripheral nerve pathology can be detected on high-resolution MRI on the basis of primary or secondary findings. Primary findings of nerve pathology include alterations in signal, course, and caliber; secondary findings include skeletal muscle denervation. ⋯ This article discusses the benefits of 3D MRI with respect to lower limb neuropathies. The article also reviews the normal anatomy of the nerves in the lower extremity from the hip joint to the foot, and it illustrates common causes and the imaging appearance of lower limb peripheral neuropathy.