Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology
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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol · Nov 2010
ReviewTraumatic neuropathies: spectrum of imaging findings and postoperative assessment.
Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves is a significant cause of morbidity and disability. Until reinnervation occurs, electrodiagnostic studies cannot differentiate severe axonotmetic lesions (Sunderland class 4) from complete nerve transection or neurotmesis (Sunderland class 5). This limitation is relevant clinically because in cases of neurotmesis an improved outcome may be achieved with an early surgical repair (within 1 week after trauma). ⋯ The role of diagnostic imaging in stretching injuries, contusion trauma, penetrating wounds, and after surgery is discussed. A multimodality diagnostic approach including physical examination, electrophysiology, and US and MR imaging allows an accurate evaluation of most peripheral nerves. Imaging assessment of peripheral nerves trauma is useful for the diagnosis, follow-up, and postoperative evaluation.
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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol · Sep 2010
ReviewMusculoskeletal ultrasound: elbow imaging and procedures.
Elbow injuries, both acute and chronic sports-related cases, have increased over the last decade. With one in every four members of a household participating in sports, both clinics and radiology departments are seeing more patients with elbow pain. High-resolution ultrasound is well suited for evaluating the elbow. ⋯ It is also easy to assess the contralateral side as a control. Ultrasound is also useful in therapeutic guided injections for its multiplanar capability and clear visualization of major vessels and nerves. We discuss the unique application of ultrasound in evaluating common elbow pathology and in advanced ultrasound-guided treatments such as dextrose prolotherapy and platelet-rich plasma.
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This article reviews the evolution of whole-body imaging, discussing the history and development of radiography, nuclear medicine, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), combined PET-CT, and magnetic resonance imaging. The obstacles hindering progress toward whole-body imaging using each of these modalities, and the technical advances that were developed to overcome them, are reviewed. The effectiveness and the limitations of whole-body imaging with each of these techniques are also briefly discussed.
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This article outlines the expanding approaches to whole-body imaging in oncology focusing on whole-body MRI and comparing it to emerging applications of whole-body CT, scintigraphy, and above all PET CT imaging. Whole-body MRI is widely available, non-ionizing and rapidly acquired, and inexpensive relative to PET CT. While it has many advantages, WBMRI is non-specific and, when compared to PET CT, is less sensitive. This article expands each of these issues comparing individual modalities as they refer to specific cancers.
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Semin Musculoskelet Radiol · Mar 2010
ReviewTargeted contrast agents--an adjunct to whole-body imaging: current concepts.
This article reviews the potential use of a combination of whole-body imaging and targeted contrast agents in improving diagnostics, with a particular focus on oncology imaging. It looks at the rationale for nanoparticles and their development as targeted contrast agents. It subsequently describes many of the advances made thus far in developing tissue-specific contrast agents capable of targeting tumors that combined with whole-body imaging may enable superior cancer detection and characterization.