European journal of pain : EJP
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Controversies exist about the choice and the doses of opioid medication in breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP). ⋯ The use of opioids for breakthough cancer pain was effective and safe in a large sample of advanced cancer patients recruited in different stages of disease and settings. Doses of opioids proportional to opioid doses used for background analgesia, seem to guarantee both effectiveness and safety.
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Comparative Study
The type of sport matters: Pain perception of endurance athletes versus strength athletes.
Studies assessing athletes' pain sensitivity yield inconsistent data, which demonstrate either increased pain threshold and tolerance in athletes than controls or similar thresholds. This inconsistency may result from the variability in the type of sport practiced by the athletes and its effect on pain perception. For example, endurance athletes perform continuous intense exercise for prolonged durations, whereas strength athletes perform short bouts of extreme efforts. Consequently, endurance athletes may tolerate and modulate pain better than strength athletes. This hypothesis was tested by comparing pain perception of endurance athletes with that of strength athletes. ⋯ This study shows that different sport types are associated with different characteristics of pain perception and modulation, as well as of thoughts towards pain.