European journal of pain : EJP
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Review Meta Analysis
Crying out in pain- a systematic review into the validity of vocalization as an indicator for pain.
Vocalization is often used to assess pain, sometimes combined with other behaviours such as facial expressions. Contrary to facial expressions, however, for vocalization, there is little evidence available on the association with pain. The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyse the association between vocalization and pain, to explore if vocalizations can be used as a "stand-alone" indicator for pain. ⋯ Vocalizations are frequently used in pain scales, although not yet thoroughly investigated as a "single indicator" for pain, like, e.g. facial expression. This review confirms the role of vocalizations in pain scales, and stresses that vocalizations might be more reliable if used in combination with other pain indicators.
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Review Meta Analysis
Crying out in pain- a systematic review into the validity of vocalization as an indicator for pain.
Vocalization is often used to assess pain, sometimes combined with other behaviours such as facial expressions. Contrary to facial expressions, however, for vocalization, there is little evidence available on the association with pain. The aim of this systematic review was to critically analyse the association between vocalization and pain, to explore if vocalizations can be used as a "stand-alone" indicator for pain. ⋯ Vocalizations are frequently used in pain scales, although not yet thoroughly investigated as a "single indicator" for pain, like, e.g. facial expression. This review confirms the role of vocalizations in pain scales, and stresses that vocalizations might be more reliable if used in combination with other pain indicators.
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Review Meta Analysis
Systemic inflammatory markers in neck pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Mechanisms underpinning symptoms in non-traumatic neck pain (NTNP) and whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) are not comprehensively understood. There is emerging evidence of systemic inflammation in musculoskeletal pain conditions, including neck and back pain. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if raised blood inflammatory markers are associated with neck pain. ⋯ This systematic review advances our understanding of neck pain pathophysiology by demonstrating the presence of systemic inflammation in chronic neck pain, in the form of raised IL-1β and TNFα. Further, numerous inflammatory markers were associated with clinical variables, including pain intensity, disability and hyperalgesia. These findings imply that systemic inflammation may contribute to mechanisms underlying neck pain.
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Review Meta Analysis
Systemic inflammatory markers in neck pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
Mechanisms underpinning symptoms in non-traumatic neck pain (NTNP) and whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) are not comprehensively understood. There is emerging evidence of systemic inflammation in musculoskeletal pain conditions, including neck and back pain. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if raised blood inflammatory markers are associated with neck pain. ⋯ This systematic review advances our understanding of neck pain pathophysiology by demonstrating the presence of systemic inflammation in chronic neck pain, in the form of raised IL-1β and TNFα. Further, numerous inflammatory markers were associated with clinical variables, including pain intensity, disability and hyperalgesia. These findings imply that systemic inflammation may contribute to mechanisms underlying neck pain.
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Review Meta Analysis
Spinal manipulation for the management of cervicogenic headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is frequently used to manage cervicogenic headache (CGHA). No meta-analysis has investigated the effectiveness of SMT exclusively for CGHA. ⋯ CGHA are a common headache disorder. SMT can be considered an effective treatment modality, with this review suggesting it providing superior, small, short-term effects for pain intensity, frequency and disability when compared with other manual therapies. These findings may help clinicians in practice better understand the treatment effects of SMT alone for CGHA.