European journal of pain : EJP
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Individual contextual factors like gestational age (GA) or previous painful experiences have an influence on neonates' pain responses and may lead to inaccurate pain assessment when not appropriately considered. ⋯ We identified individual contextual factors associated with dampened pain response in neonates and will incorporate them into a revised version of the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates to provide clinicians with a tool they can use to more accurately assess and manage pain in this vulnerable population.
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Review Meta Analysis
Effectiveness of Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
To evaluate the effects of percutaneous electrical stimulation (PENS) alone or as an adjunct with other interventions on pain and related disability in musculoskeletal pain conditions. ⋯ This meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of PENS for the management of pain and related disability in musculoskeletal pain conditions found that PENS could decrease level of pain intensity but not relateddisability in musculoskeletal pain disorders.