European journal of pain : EJP
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Synovial inflammation has known contributions to chronic osteoarthritis (OA) pain, but the potential role in transitions from early to late stages of OA pain is unclear. ⋯ Using a slow progressing surgical model of osteoarthritis we show how the changing balance between local and systemic inflammation may be of importance in the progression of pain behaviours during the transition to chronic osteoarthritis pain.
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Kv4 channels are key components controlling neuronal excitability at membrane potentials below action potential thresholds. It remains elusive whether Kv4.1 participates in pain regulation. ⋯ Based on the expression of Kv4.1 and Kv4.3 in the nociceptors, Kv4.1 in the secondary nociceptive neurons, Kv4.1 in spinal lamina I excitatory interneurons that regulate the activity of the secondary nociceptive neurons, as well as Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 in spinal lamina II excitatory interneurons that also regulate the activity of the secondary nociceptive neurons, developing Kv4 activators or genetic manipulation to increase Kv4 channel activity in these pain-related Kv4+ neurons will be useful in future pain therapeutics.