Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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There is a great public health need to identify novel treatment strategies for opioid use disorder (OUD) in order to reduce relapse and overdose. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has demonstrated preliminary effectiveness for substance use, but little is known about its use in OUD. Neuromodulation may represent a potential adjunctive treatment modality for OUD, so we conducted a systematic review to understand the state of the current research in this field. ⋯ There is a dearth of research in the area of noninvasive brain stimulation for OUD. NIBS represents a novel treatment modality that should be further investigated for OUD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Walking Performance of Chronic Hemiplegic Patients.
To evaluate the effect of a single session of tDCS over the primary motor cortex of the lower limb (M1-LL) vs. placebo on the walking performance in chronic hemiplegic patients. ⋯ The authors reported no conflict of interest.
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Insula neurocircuitry alterations are reported in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders holding promise for clinical interventions. We measured, in a pilot study, acute neuroplastic modulations resulting from high- and low-frequency stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) delivered via an H-coil that targeted the right insula and overlying prefrontal cortex. ⋯ There was no effect of rTMS, regardless of frequency, on task behavior or task-based BOLD response. There was an effect of rTMS compared to sham on rsFC between insula and medial prefrontal cortex, with connectivity reduced after rTMS compared to sham, regardless of frequency. Implications for using rTMS to the insula as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed in light of insula-medial prefrontal cortex connectivity.
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In this study, we tested the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to reduce depression and anxiety in patients using or not using benzodiazepines. We hypothesized that rTMS would concurrently reduce symptoms in both depression and anxiety and that these reductions would correlate with patients using benzodiazepines. ⋯ rTMS concurrently improved both depression and anxiety, and changes in these measures correlated with patients using benzodiazepines. With further investigation, rTMS may be a helpful treatment for both anxiety and depression simultaneously.
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Rodent models are fundamental in unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced effects on the brain. However, proper translation of human TMS protocols to animal models have been restricted by the lack of rodent-specific focal TMS coils. ⋯ Computer simulations motivated the design of a smaller rodent-specific TMS coil, but came short in explaining the capability of a larger commercial human coil to induce unilateral MEPs in vivo. Lateralized TMS, as demonstrated for both TMS coils, corroborates their use in translational rodent studies, to elucidate mechanisms of action of therapeutic TMS protocols.