Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pediatric Office Delivery of Smoking Cessation Assistance for Breast-Feeding Mothers.
National and international organizations have done an excellent job of advocating and promoting breast feeding for all mothers. This study assessed to what extent an intervention increased delivery of cessation assistance to breast-feeding mothers who smoke. ⋯ Breast feeding and eliminating infants' exposure to tobacco smoke are important protective factors for serious pediatric health risks including sudden infant death. This study shows that breast feeding was positively associated with desirable tobacco control outcomes, specifically that breast feeding was associated with a lower likelihood of smoking among ever smokers and a greater likelihood of recently quitting smoking. This is also the first study to look specifically at delivery of smoking cessation assistance to breast-feeding mothers seen at pediatric offices and demonstrates the effectiveness of delivering evidence-based smoking cessation assistance to them in this context.
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Understanding the neural mechanisms that support successful smoking cessation is vital to the development of novel treatments for nicotine dependence. ⋯ The submitted research is a novel contribution to the study of successful nicotine abstinence, in part, because it includes individuals who have successfully overcome nicotine dependence. The use of ICA allowed for examination of large-scale resting-state networks throughout the brain without the need for specifying numerous regions of interest. This research supports the view that overcoming nicotine dependence may depend on reducing spontaneous activity in posterior regions of the brain rather than solely enhancing frontal control.
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Limited research exists about the possible cardiovascular effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We therefore sought to compare exposure to known or potentially cardiotoxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ENDS users, smokers, and dual users. ⋯ ENDS use in conjunction with other tobacco products may not significantly reduce exposure to VOC, but sole use does generally reduce some VOC exposure and warrants more in-depth studies.
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Cigarette use has dropped dramatically among youth since 2013, but smoking-related disparities persist. We examine who still smokes in the context of declining smoking rates. Using the Minnesota Student Survey, we examine adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cigarette use in 2013 and 2016. We assess how cigarette use rates changed, how ACEs relate to cigarette use, and the degree to which youth with ACEs comprise the current smoking population. ⋯ Even though cigarette use is declining among Minnesota youth, the decline among youth without ACEs is faster than the decline among youth with ACEs. Youth with ACEs disproportionately account for all youth smokers, and this disproportionality has increased since 2013. Tobacco control efforts should focus on youth with ACEs, and parental incarceration is a specific ACE that warrants attention. Rates of parental incarceration remain high in the United States and youth who experience parental incarceration now account for a near majority of current youth smokers. Future research should consider mechanisms for the ACE-smoking relationship and emerging tobacco products (eg, electronic cigarettes).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance in Smokers: Relations With Tobacco Dependence, Withdrawal, and Quitting Success†.
This study examined relations of two affective vulnerabilities, high anxiety sensitivity (AS) and low distress tolerance (DT), with tobacco dependence, withdrawal, smoking cessation, and pharmacotherapy response. ⋯ People in a stop-smoking study who reported a greater ability to tolerate distress were more likely to quit smoking and remain smoke-free 1 year later. Smokers with high DT were more likely to be smoke-free 4 weeks after their target quit day if they received nicotine patch plus nicotine lozenge rather than nicotine patch alone.