Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
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Maternal smoking rates in Australian Aboriginal women are triple that of the general population, with little evidence for successful interventions. We reviewed the literature to understand smoking and cessation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and provide recommendations for targeted interventions. ⋯ This review gives strength to evidence from individual studies across diverse Indigenous cultures. Pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers require comprehensive approaches, which consider the environmental context, increase knowledge of smoking harms and cessation methods, and provide culturally targeted support. Long term, broad strategies should de-normalize smoking in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Further research needs to examine causes of resistance to antitobacco messages, clarify contributing roles of stress and depression, and attitudes to pharmacotherapy.
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Article 8 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates all signatory countries to "protect citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces, public transport and indoor public places." Even though there has been great progress in the implementation of Article 8, still most of the world population remains exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). In this article, we sought to summarize the research that supports Article 8, where do we stand, and current research gaps and future directions. ⋯ Furthering research in support of Article 8 can contribute to reach the final goal of protecting everyone from SHS exposure.
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China produces and consumes more tobacco than any other country in the world and as such is at the forefront of the world tobacco epidemic. Many studies have recently emerged that directly or indirectly reference the acts of giving and sharing cigarettes as a major contributor to China's high tobacco usage. The goal of this report is to review relevant literature relating to sharing and gifting cigarettes as well as provide useful historic and cultural contexts. Important differences between the act of giving individual cigarettes and the gifting of packaged cigarettes are explored as well as explanations for how both these practices have influenced current tobacco control efforts. ⋯ Traditional tobacco control efforts should be combined with culture-specific approaches to reduce tobacco usage in China. The regular exchange of cigarettes normalizes smoking across society and promotes tobacco's acceptability. Great efforts should be taken not only to minimize these practices among males but also to discourage their adoption by females.
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This paper is part of a collection that identifies research priorities that will help guide the efforts of the U. S. ⋯ This paper covers 5 areas related to (a) marketing regulations (e.g., ban on color and imagery in ads, ban on nontobacco gifts with purchase); (b) granting FDA authority over the sale, distribution, accessibility, advertising, and promotion of tobacco and lifting state preemption over advertising; (c) remote tobacco sales (mail order and Internet); (d) prevention of illicit and cross-border trade; and (e) noncompliant export products. Each of the 5 sections of this paper provides a description and brief history of regulation, what is known about this regulatory strategy, and research opportunities.
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The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (the "Act"), enacted in June 2009, gave the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authority to regulate tobacco products. The current paper reviews the provisions for packaging and labeling, including the existing evidence and research priorities. ⋯ Packaging and labeling regulations required under the Act will bring the United States in line with international standards. There is an immediate need for research to evaluate these measures to guide future regulatory action.