Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Aug 2015
Antiseptic effect of vicenin-2 and scolymoside from Cyclopia subternata (honeybush) in response to HMGB1 as a late sepsis mediator in vitro and in vivo.
Cyclopia subternata is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to relieve pain. In this study, we investigated the antiseptic effects and underlying mechanisms of vicenin-2 and scolymoside, which are 2 active compounds from C. subternata that act against high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-mediated septic responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice. ⋯ In addition, vicenin-2 and scolymoside suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6, and activation of nuclear factor-κB and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 by HMGB1. Collectively, these results indicate that vicenin-2 and scolymoside could be a potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various severe vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Jun 2015
Low-dose carvedilol protects against acute septic renal injury in rats during the early and late phases.
Recent findings from septic acute renal injury studies have implicated the mitochondrion as an important factor in kidney injury, and that increased sympathetic nerve activity may contribute to the induction of organ failure. This study investigated the impact of a nondepressor dose of carvedilol, which is a beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist with antioxidant activity, on septic renal injury induced in rats with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Three groups of rats were studied. ⋯ Carvedilol also attenuated the decrease in kidney mitochondrial glutathione and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase. Further, intracellular renal edema and inflammation induced with CLP were reduced with carvedilol. These findings suggest renoprotective effects of carvedilol in sepsis.
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Apr 2015
Protective effects of baicalin on LPS-induced injury in intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular tight junctions.
To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of baicalin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular tight junctions. ⋯ Baicalin has the capacity to protect IEC-6 cells and the intercellular tight junctions from LPS-induced injury. The mechanisms may be associated with inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines, and up-regulating the mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1.
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Jul 2014
ReviewCatching broken hearts: pre-clinical detection of doxorubicin and trastuzumab mediated cardiac dysfunction in the breast cancer setting.
Although breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide, there is an overall improvement in the survival of this patient population. This is likely due to a combination of early detection through screening and awareness, improved targeted biological therapy, and an overall improvement in disease management. ⋯ The occurrence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction is unacceptably high in nearly 1 in 4 women treated with DOX+TRZ in the breast cancer setting. In this review, we explore the use of non-invasive cardiac imaging for the early detection of chemotherapy-mediated cardiotoxicity in women with breast cancer, in the hope of preventing end-stage heart disease in this cancer population.
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Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. · Feb 2014
Evaluation of changes in the haemoglobin of skin and muscle tissue of the calf, as induced by topical application of a nonivamide/nicoboxil cream.
Topical agents like nonivamide and nicoboxil induce hyperaemisation and increase cutaneous blood flow and temperature. This study aimed to determine the effects of a nonivamide-nicoboxil cream on haemodynamics in the skin and calf muscle, via optical spectroscopy, discriminating between the changes for skin and muscle. Optical spectroscopy was applied in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. ⋯ NIR spectroscopy allows noninvasive in-vivo examination of the oxygenation of human skeletal muscle. Topical administration of the nonivamide-nicoboxil cream significantly increased the concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation in the skin, as well as the concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin in the muscle of the treated legs after 15 min, but with stronger and faster effects in the skin. The topical application of the nonivamide-nicoboxil cream increased blood flow in (smaller vessels of) the skin and muscle tissues.