Trials
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Efficacy of 8 mg lidocaine and 2 mg cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) fixed-combination lozenges on sore throat pain intensity compared with 1 mg lidocaine and 2 mg CPC fixed-combination lozenges in subjects with sore throat due to upper respiratory tract infection: a randomized double-blind parallel-group single-dose study.
Lozenges containing lidocaine and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are commonly used for the treatment of sore throat. The lidocaine acts locally to provide pain relief and the CPC has an antiseptic effect. Mebucaine CL, a well-established fixed-combination sore throat lozenge, contains 1 mg lidocaine and 2 mg CPC. Single-agent lozenges containing 8 mg lidocaine have also been demonstrated to be significantly superior to placebo in confirmatory pain intensity assessments. This study compared a new lozenge formulation, containing 8 mg lidocaine and 2 mg CPC, with the currently marketed lozenge for the treatment and relief of sore throat symptoms in subjects diagnosed with a sore throat due to an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). ⋯ The modest difference in the pattern of effectiveness between the two treatments observed in this study does not support use of the 8 mg lidocaine + 2 mg CPC lozenge.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and safety of thread embedding acupuncture for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled pilot trial.
We investigated the efficacy and safety of thread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) for chronic low back pain (LBP) in a randomized controlled pilot trial with the aim of laying the foundation for a large-scale randomized controlled trial on this topic. ⋯ This pilot study has provided basic data for a larger clinical trial to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of TEA for chronic LBP.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Single high-dose buprenorphine for opioid craving during withdrawal.
Opioid use disorder is one of the most prevalent addiction problems worldwide. Buprenorphine is used as a medication to treat this disorder, but in countries where buprenorphine is unavailable in combination with naloxone, diversion can be a problem if the medication is given outside a hospital setting. ⋯ A single, high dose of buprenorphine can reduce craving during opioid withdrawal; additional studies with follow-up are warranted to evaluate safety.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Evaluation of different doses of transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labour: a randomized controlled trial.
Pain during labour is one of the most intense pain that women may experience in their lifetime. There are several non-pharmacological analgesic methods to relieve pain during labour, among them transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). TENS is a low-frequency electrotherapy technique, analgesic type, generally used in musculoskeletal pathology, but it has also come to be used as an alternative treatment during labour. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pain-relieving effect of a TENS application during labour and to find out the most effective dose. ⋯ TENS with high frequencies modified in time as well as high pulse width are effective for relieving labour pain, and they are well considered by pregnant participants.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Art therapy is associated with sustained improvement in cognitive function in the elderly with mild neurocognitive disorder: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial for art therapy and music reminiscence activity versus usual care.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a phase in cognitive decline when it is still possible to intervene to reverse the decline. Cognitive stimulation delivered through psychosocial interventions provides both psychological intervention and social stimulation to improve cognition. A pilot open-label parallel-arms randomized controlled trial was undertaken to examine the effects of art therapy (AT) and music reminiscence activity (MRA) compared to the control, on the primary outcome of neurocognitive domain assessments in elderly people with MCI. ⋯ Art therapy delivered by trained staff as "art as therapy" and "art psychotherapy" may have been the significant contributor to cognitive improvements. The findings support cognitive stimulation for elderly people with cognitive decline and signal the need for larger studies and further investigation of carefully designed psycho-social interventions for this group.