J Trauma
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Controversy continues as to the most safe and reliable method for clearing the cervical spine (C-spine) in a trauma patient who is rendered unable to participate in a clinical examination. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive test to detect soft-tissue injuries, it is impractical for routine use in every patient largely because of its cost and time of acquiescence. Recent studies have advocated the sole use of multidetector computed tomographic (MDCT) scans of the C-spine to decide if cervical collar immobilization can be discontinued. The current investigation retrospectively reviewed a series of MDCT scans obtained after an acute traumatic event that were used to direct treatment in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit. ⋯ C-spine clearance of patients without the ability participate in a clinical examination remains difficult. A multidisciplinary, algorithmic approach generally yields the most consistent results. However, our data highlight that reliance on a single imaging modality may lead to missed diagnosis of C-spine injuries. These data suggest that early involvement of the spine service for radiographic clearance may help identify occult injuries or suspicious findings necessitating further evaluation.
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Experimental studies of uncontrolled hemorrhage demonstrated that permissive hypotension (PH) reduces blood loss, but its effect on clot formation remains unexplored. Desmopressin (DDAVP) enhances platelet adhesion promoting stronger clots. We hypothesized PH and DDAVP have additive effects and reduce bleeding in uncontrolled hemorrhage. ⋯ PH reduced bleeding and improved hemostasis compared with normotensive resuscitation. DDAVP given preshock exerted similar effects with normotensive resuscitation.
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes major morbidity in adults after trauma, occurring in up to 50% of patients without prophylaxis. The incidence of VTE after trauma is lower in children. No study has measured the incidence of and risk factors for VTE in critically ill children after trauma. ⋯ VTE is not a rare event in critically ill children after trauma. Most patients developing thrombosis have multiple risk factors, including poor perfusion, immobility, and presence of a CVL.
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Case Reports
Contralateral acute subdural hematoma after surgical evacuation of acute subdural hematoma.
We present a case of an 81-year-old woman who developed an acute left-sided subdural hematoma with midline shift shortly after craniotomy for evacuation of a traumatic right-sided acute subdural hematoma. She was immediately taken back to the operating room for evacuation of the left-sided clot and her neurologic outcome was excellent. Believed to be caused by rapid brain decompression, bleeding far from the operative site, such as a within the contralateral subdural space, can occur after a craniotomy and must be promptly recognized.
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Acute stress disorder (ASD) can interfere with satisfactory recovery of children with severe burn injuries. Recent studies have found propranolol to be effective in reducing posttraumatic symptoms, but the benefits of this medication with ASD are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that individuals who were administered propranolol acutely would be less likely to develop ASD than those who were not. ⋯ Propranolol was not found to influence the risk for subsequent ASD. This finding is in contrast to the observed benefit of propranolol reported in other studies with different at risk populations. Further exploration is warranted to assess the possible long-term benefit on posttraumatic symptoms in pediatric burn survivor patients.