J Trauma
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The severity of renal dysfunction correlates with fatal outcome after hemorrhagic shock. However, the precise mechanism for increasing renal dysfunction in response to the degree and the progression of hemorrhagic shock has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we examined the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation on the progression of renal dysfunction by studying the differential severity of bleeding. ⋯ The increase of initial p38 MAPK activation after hemorrhagic shock quantitatively enhanced the ensuing renal dysfunction in response to the degree and the progression of hemorrhagic shock.
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There is evidence that complement components regulate cytokine production in osteoblastic cells, induce cell migration in mesenchymal stem cells, and play a regulatory role in normal enchondral bone formation. We proved the hypothesis that complement might be involved in bone healing after fracture. ⋯ Our in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the presence of C5aR in bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts. It is suggested that C5aR might play a regulatory role in fracture healing in intramembranous and in enchondral ossification, one possible function being the regulation of cell recruitment.
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Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) has negative effects on the functions of intra- and extra-abdominal organs and systems. Intra- and extraperitoneal hemorrhage, diffuse intestinal and retroperitoneal edema, intestinal ileus or obstruction, necrotizing pancreatitis, intra-abdominal packing, intra-abdominal sepsis, and pneumoperitoneum can all cause IAH. No studies were found in the literature relating to the effects of IAH on the endocrine functions of the pancreas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of IAH on the endocrine functions of the pancreas. ⋯ IAH causes an increase in glucagon levels and a decrease in insulin levels. These changes may be due to both the direct effects of IAH and the indirect effects of other organs that are affected by IAH.