J Trauma
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Comparative Study
Pelvic fractures in pediatric and adult trauma patients: are they different injuries?
Many aspects of pediatric trauma are considerably different from adult trauma. Very few studies have performed comprehensive comparisons between pediatric and adult pelvic fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of pelvic fracture, the epidemiologic characteristics, type of associated abdominal injuries, and outcomes between pediatric (age 16 years) patients. ⋯ Pediatric trauma patients are significantly less likely than adults to suffer pelvic fractures, although the age group is not a significant risk factor for the severity of pelvic fracture. The incidence of associated abdominal injuries is high and similar in the two age groups. Motor vehicle crash, fall from a height, and pelvis AIS score >/= 4 were significant predictors of associated abdominal injuries in the adult but not the pediatric patients. The need for blood transfusion is similar in both groups irrespective of Injury Severity Score and pelvis AIS score. The mortality resulting from exsanguination related to pelvic fractures is very low, especially in pediatric patients.
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Keloid and hypertrophic scars commonly occur after injuries. Overproliferation of fibroblasts, overproduction of collagen, and contraction characterize these pathologic scars. Current treatment of excessive scars with intralesional corticosteroid injections used individually or in combination with other methods often have unsatisfactory outcome, frustrating both the patient and the clinician. The phytochemical compounds are well known as potential anticancer agents. We have investigated the inhibitory effects of compounds on keloid fibroblasts (KF) and hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSF). ⋯ From this in vitro study, quercetin seemed to have good potent effects to inhibit proliferation and contraction of excessive scar-derived fibroblasts.
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Comparative Study
Comparative analysis of hemostatic agents in a swine model of lethal groin injury.
Techniques for better hemorrhage control after injury could change outcome. A large-animal model of lethal, uncontrolled hemorrhage was developed to test whether the use of various hemostatic agents would decrease bleeding and improve early survival. ⋯ Of the hemostatic agents tested, QuikClot improved survival and decreased bleeding in a swine model of lethal vascular and soft tissue injury.
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Review Case Reports
Air gun pellet cardiac injuries: case report and review of the literature.
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Comparative Study
Hypertonic saline improves tissue oxygenation and reduces systemic and pulmonary inflammatory response caused by hemorrhagic shock.
The treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HeS) with large volumes of fluid does not ensure an adequate peripheral perfusion or prevent inflammatory activation despite hemodynamic recovery. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of hypertonic saline (HTS) and isotonic saline (IS) solutions on oxygenation, perfusion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels, accumulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and pulmonary perivascular edema in the treatment of controlled HeS in rats. ⋯ HTS improved tissue oxygenation and perfusion and reduced systemic and pulmonary inflammatory responses compared with IS in the treatment of HeS in rats.