J Trauma
-
Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock causes profound immunologic changes. The tonicity of fluids used for resuscitation clearly influences the immune response. Our study was designed to determine whether isotonic and hypertonic fluids exert their differential effects on immune response by altering the cytokine gene profile of human leukocytes. The cDNA array method was used to profile transcriptional responses after exposure to hypertonic and isotonic fluids. ⋯ Exposure of human leukocytes to resuscitation fluids causes an increase in cytokine gene expressions compared with undiluted blood. This expression profile is largely independent of the type of fluid used.
-
Motor vehicle collision-related blunt thoracic aorta injury (BAI) is rare and highly lethal. Vascular disease as related to advancing age potentially subjects older adults to increased risk of BAI; the mechanisms associated with such injuries may be different as compared with younger adults. The goal of the present study is to test this hypothesis using population-based data. ⋯ Older adults have the highest rate of motor vehicle collision-related BAI, and their injuries tend to occur in less severe collisions. A high level of suspicion for BAI among older adults should not be reserved for high-energy collisions only.
-
Surgical reconstruction is indicated for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction for a grade III or IV injury, combined ligament or meniscus injuries, and chronic symptomatic posterior instability. Considerable controversy continues over the choice of graft tissues. Hamstring tendon has been popular in recent years. The purpose of this study is to prospectively assess the outcomes of PCL reconstruction using quadruple hamstring tendon autograft with a double-fixation technique at minimal 2-year follow-up. ⋯ Arthroscopic PCL reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendon autograft appears to produce acceptable results at a minimal 2-year follow-up. The four-stranded hamstring tendon graft is adequate in graft size and associated with minimal harvesting morbidity. The double-fixation method for the graft could provide a rigid fixation. We believe that this technique could afford good ligament function after reconstruction and could be a reasonably acceptable choice for PCL injury.
-
Comparative Study
Relative importance of designation and accreditation of trauma centers during evolution of a regional trauma system.
Improved survival after injury has been demonstrated with trauma system implementation and designation of trauma centers. Local designating health authorities or national verification (United States) or accreditation (Canada) programs audit trauma center performance. The relative importance of designation versus accreditation with respect to improved outcomes is not clear. The purpose of this study was to measure outcomes within a single regional trauma system after designation of trauma centers and to compare outcomes in the one accredited center to the nonaccredited centers. ⋯ Differences between hospitals were apparent from the outset of the trauma system. However, designation as a trauma center does not appear to necessarily improve survival in large regional medical centers. Development of a trauma program and commitment to meeting national guidelines through the accreditation process does appear to be associated with improved outcome after injury.
-
The Trauma Evaluation and Management (TEAM) module was devised by the American College of Surgeons for teaching senior medical students trauma management principles. This article reports on the teaching effectiveness of this module. ⋯ The TEAM module is very effective in teaching trauma management principles to senior medical students, by whom the program was very well received. Consideration should be given to adopting this program more widely in our medical undergraduate curriculum.