J Trauma
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Comparative Study
Carbachol alleviates rat cytokine release and organ dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide.
To observe the influence of carbachol on inflammatory cytokine release and its protective role on organ function in rat endotoxemia model, and, furthermore, to investigate its receptor mechanism in rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. ⋯ The results suggested that both carbachol and nicotine play a role in the anti-inflammatory process and organ function protection through the α7 subunit of nicotinic cholinergic receptor.
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Noncompressible hemorrhage from central vascular injuries remains the leading cause of preventable death in modern combat. This report introduces a large animal model of noncompressible torso hemorrhage, which permits assessment of the various approaches to this problem. ⋯ This study presents a large animal model of class IV hemorrhagic shock from noncompressible hemorrhage, which permits comparison of various vascular control methods to address this challenging problem. Future studies using this model as the standard will allow further development of strategies for the management of noncompressible hemorrhage.
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Comparative Study
Immediate splenectomy decreases mortality and improves cognitive function of rats after severe traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health problem all over the world. It frequently causes a considerable social burden because of its high incidence of death and long-term disability, especially in the case of severe TBI. Recent studies revealed that the spleen might contribute to secondary brain injury after ischemia or intracerebral hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of the spleen in traumatic brain edema after severe TBI. ⋯ Our study demonstrates that splenectomy has a protective effect on rats with severe TBI by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, both systematically and locally in the injured brain, hence leading to a decreased mortality and improved cognitive function.