J Trauma
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Burn injury causes acute thrombosis and occlusion of vessels in the dermis directly killed by thermal energy. A vascular response also occurs in the uninjured dermis bordering the site of injury. Diminished blood flow leads to progressive ischemia and necrosis in the dermis beneath and surrounding the burn. ⋯ Normal skin has a surface blood flow reading of 80 +/- 16 mV, burn sites have a reading of 11 +/- 4 mV, and interspaces have a reading of 21 +/- 4 mV at 24 hours postburn in untreated rats. Systemic ibuprofen given IM immediately postburn at 12.5 mg/kg increased blood flow to 80 +/- 28 mV within the interspaces, to 17 +/- 12 mV in the burn site, and to 80 +/- 9 mV in normal skin. The vascular casts showed an absence of patent vessels within both the burn sites and interspaces in untreated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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We describe four cases of ocular trauma incurred while playing women's lacrosse without eye protection. Women's lacrosse is potentially hazardous because, unlike men's lacrosse, helmets and face masks are not required. These ocular injuries could have been prevented with the use of protective eyewear.
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A new concept of cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic physiology, cerebral hemodynamic reserve (CHR), was evaluated in 20 comatose adults with acute traumatic brain swelling who were undergoing continuous monitoring of the arteriojugular difference in oxyhemoglobin saturation, along with cerebral perfusion pressure and expired PCO2. The CHR was measured as the ratio of relative (percent) changes in cerebral oxygen extraction to relative changes in cerebral perfusion pressure during spontaneous increases in intracranial pressure. ⋯ It is concluded that cerebral hemodynamic reserve abnormalities very closely associate with signs of increased intracranial "tightness" on computed tomographic scans of the head. Cerebral hemodynamic reserve could therefore become an important guide in the functional evaluation and management of acute brain swelling (focusing on cerebral oxygenation and perfusion pressure) in a variety of predominantly diffuse acute intracranial disorders.
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The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) were calculated for all passengers and crew of the M1 Kegworth aircraft crash. Regional injury scores were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than survivors of the impact. ⋯ The use of injury scoring has highlighted variations in the severity of injuries sustained by occupants involved in an impact crash of an airliner. This information has demonstrated that other factors in addition to the force of the impact were involved in the causation of injury, such as structural integrity, attempts by occupants to protect adjoining passengers, and rear-facing seats.