Cancer
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Wilms tumor is the most common childhood renal tumor. Although the majority of patients with favorable histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) have good outcomes, some patients still experience disease recurrence and death from disease. The goal of the current study was to determine whether tumor-specific chromosome 1q gain is associated with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with FHWT. ⋯ Gain of 1q may provide a valuable prognostic marker with which to stratify therapy for patients with FHWT. A confirmatory study is necessary before this biomarker is incorporated into the risk stratification schema of future therapeutic studies.
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The current prospective, multicenter study sought to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms of voltage-gated sodium channels (SCNAs) genes that might confer susceptibility to an increased incidence and severity of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXAIPN) in patients treated with either leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX) for colorectal cancer (CRC). ⋯ The results of the current study provide evidence to support a causal relationship between SCNA polymorphisms and OXAIPN. However, further studies from independent groups are warranted to confirm these results.
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Multicenter Study
Phase 2 trial of afatinib, an ErbB family blocker, in solid tumors genetically screened for target activation.
The efficacy of afatinib, an irreversible ErbB Family Blocker, was evaluated in patients who had 1 of 4 categories of solid tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (EGFR/HER2) gene amplification or EGFR-activating mutations. ⋯ Single-agent afatinib activity was limited, yet encouraging, in selected tumors that were screened prospectively for target activation. The implementation of a biomarker-driven approach using a low-frequency biomarker for patient selection across multiple tumor types can be challenging.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Health-related quality of life of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with everolimus plus exemestane versus placebo plus exemestane in the phase 3, randomized, controlled, BOLERO-2 trial.
The randomized, controlled BOLERO-2 (Breast Cancer Trials of Oral Everolimus) trial demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival with the use of everolimus plus exemestane (EVE + EXE) versus placebo plus exemestane (PBO + EXE) in patients with advanced breast cancer who developed disease progression after treatment with nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. This analysis investigated the treatment effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). ⋯ In patients with advanced breast cancer who develop disease progression after treatment with nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors, EVE + EXE was associated with a longer TDD in global HRQOL versus PBO + EXE.
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Of the approximately 2.4 million American women with a history of breast cancer, 43% are aged ≥ 65 years and are at risk for developing subsequent malignancies. ⋯ Older women who survived 5 years after an early stage breast cancer diagnosis were not at an elevated risk for developing subsequent incident malignancies up to 15 years after their breast cancer diagnosis.