Cancer
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Ondansetron versus granisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Results of a prospective randomized trial.
A single-institution, prospective, randomized open trial was performed to compare ondansetron and granisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. The effect of antemetic drugs was analyzed indipendently for patients treated with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (Study 1), and those treated with moderately emetogenic regimens (Study 2). ⋯ These data suggest that although both ondansetron and granisetron are very effective drugs for the control of acute emesis, their efficacy against delayed emesis is still not entirely satisfactory.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of immediate release and controlled release hydromorphone for chronic severe cancer pain.
The short elimination half-life of hydromorphone necessitates 4-hourly dosing to maintain optimal levels of analgesia in patients with chronic cancer pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of controlled release hydromorphone administered every 12 hours and immediate release hydromorphone administered every 4 hours in patients with chronic severe cancer pain. ⋯ Controlled release hydromorphone administered every 12 hours is as effective as immediate release hydromorphone administered every 4 hours in the management of patients with chronic severe cancer pain. The benefits of controlled release hydromorphone lie in the convenience of its capsule formulation, which can be sprinkled on soft food, and its 12-hour duration of action, which allows patients uninterrupted sleep and improved compliance.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A randomized, multicenter study comparing the efficacy and tolerability of tropisetron, a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, with a metoclopramide-containing antiemetic cocktail in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis.
Chemotherapy-induced emesis is one of the most disturbing side effects in cancer therapy. Thus, antiemetic treatment is a mandatory adjunct in emetogenic chemotherapy. ⋯ Tropisetron was easier to administer and better tolerated than the cocktail, and it seems to be a highly efficacious and safe new antiemetic drug.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of intermittent ondansetron versus continuous infusion metoclopramide used with standard combination antiemetics in control of acute nausea induced by cisplatin chemotherapy.
Ondansetron is a serotonin antagonist that recently has been introduced as a preventive agent for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The current study was performed to determine the degree of antiemetic control of ondansetron in combination with dexamethasone and lorazepam, and to compare this combination to the previously very effective regimen of lorazepam, dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and continuous-infusion metoclopramide. ⋯ The ondansetron regimen was more effective and less toxic, but its cost was 20 times more than the metoclopramide regimen.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with and without concurrent chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be a frustrating challenge for oncologists. In this group of patients, the overall 5-year survival rates have been 3-6% in prospective randomized trials with radiation therapy (RT) alone. ⋯ The acute toxic effects observed during this study in treatment arms 1 and 2 are at least comparable to those previously published in other studies of this type, but a high incidence of acute overall toxic effects was observed in treatment arm 3. Regarding late toxic effects, the authors observed a higher incidence of Grade 3 overall late toxic effects in treatment arm 2 and a high incidence of Grade 4 overall late toxic effects in treatment arm 3. Results of this study show that the addition of CT to HFX RT carries a risk of increased high-grade toxic effects, both acute and late.