Bmc Cancer
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A phase II randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study of salvage radiation therapy plus placebo versus SRT plus enzalutamide with high-risk PSA-recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (SALV-ENZA).
In men with a rising PSA following radical prostatectomy, salvage radiation therapy (SRT) offers a second chance for cure. Hormonal therapy can be combined with SRT in order to increase prostate tumor control, albeit with associated higher rates of treatment side effects. This trial studies the effectiveness of SRT combined with hormonal therapy using a more potent anti-androgen with a favorable side effect profile. Enzalutamide, a next generation selective androgen receptor antagonist, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) where it has been shown to improve overall survival in combination with androgen deprivation therapy. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of combination SRT and enzalutamide for freedom-from-PSA-progression. Secondary objectives include time to local recurrence within the radiation field, metastasis-free survival and safety as determined by frequency and severity of adverse events. ⋯ The SALV-ENZA trial is the first phase II placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized study to test SRT in combination with a next generation androgen receptor antagonist in men with high-risk recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. The primary hypothesis of this study is that clinical outcomes will be improved by the addition of enzalutamide compared to standard-of-care SRT alone and pave the path for phase III evaluation of this combination.
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Human papilloma virus (HPV) associated cervical cancer remains a global concern particular, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the impact is felt most. Evidence show that many other cancers such as vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, penile are because of persistent infection with HPV especially, high-risk types. ⋯ This study observation highlighted a gap of knowledge regarding the epidemiological data on the recent HPV prevalence in SSA, which will have a potential impact in determining the distribution of HPV on different body sites (cervix, penis, vagina, vulva, anus and oropharynx). Ongoing research projects are recommended in SSA to enhance the value of HPV, and HPV-associated cancers epidemiological data to inform strategies or/and policies on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HPV-related conditions.
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Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the breakdown of immune escape causes a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). With the increasing use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone or in combination with other therapies, awareness and management of irAEs have become more important. We aimed to assess the incidence and nature of irAEs associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors for NSCLC. ⋯ The specificity of irAEs was closely associated with the mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies involved in restarting anticancer immune attacks. Comprehensive understanding, timely detection, and effective management could improve the compliance of patients and guide the interruption of treatment.
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Observational Study
A prospective observational study to assess PD-L1 expression in small biopsy samples for non-small-cell lung cancer.
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody has proven to be effective in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients positive for programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1). However, there are currently no prospective studies evaluating PD-L1 expression for small biopsy samples. ⋯ Utilizing smaller samples for evaluation, the frequency of TPS was comparable to past clinical trials using larger samples. The differences in TPS were influenced by diagnostic tools, cancer histologic types and staging. The concordance of TPS between EBUS-TBB samples and surgical materials was high.