Int J Clin Exp Patho
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Int J Clin Exp Patho · Jan 2014
Comparative StudyEffects of different concentration and duration time of isoflurane on acute and long-term neurocognitive function of young adult C57BL/6 mouse.
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decline in cognitive performance after a surgery with anaesthesia. The exact reasons of surgery and/or anaesthesia resulting in POCD are unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different concentration and duration time of isoflurane anaesthesia on cognitive performance and cellular mechanisms involved in learning and memory function. ⋯ In MWM test, mice in I1 and I2 showed cognitive improvement, mice in I3 showed similar to control group, while mice in I4 demonstrated cognitive impairment, which were approximately corresponding to the changes of protein expression of NR2B and activation of ERK1/2. The present data suggested the following: (1) Isoflurane may cause neurotoxicity by inducing caspase activation and apoptosis with the anesthetic concentration increased and duration prolonged. (2) Low concentration of isoflurane in 2 hours can induce a hippocampus-specific elevation of NR2B subunit composition and ratio of p-ERK1/2 to total ERK1/2, produce hippocampal-dependent cognitive improvement. While high concentration of isoflurane exceeding 4 hours may induce a decline of NR2B and ratio of pERK1/2 to ERK1/2, then result in cognitive impairment.
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Int J Clin Exp Patho · Jan 2014
A novel long non-coding RNA FOXCUT and mRNA FOXC1 pair promote progression and predict poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Accumulating evidences demonstrated that many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can cooperate with the adjacent coding genes, forming into "lncRNA-mRNA gene pairs" in multiple biological cellular processes. Here, we showed that a novel long non-coding RNA FOXCUT (FOXC1 promoter upstream transcript) and its neighboring gene FOXC1 played a similar important role in the oncogenesis and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, the expression of FOXCUT/FOXC1 was measured in 82 ESCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). ⋯ Assays in vitro demonstrated that knockdown of either FOXCUT or FOXC1 remarkably inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion in ESCC cells. In conclusion, FOXCUT may be functionally involved in the tumor progression and survival of ESCC patients, at least in part, by modulating FOXC1. FOXCUT and FOXC1 may function as a lncRNA-mRNA gene pair, which may represent a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Int J Clin Exp Patho · Jan 2014
Unclassified renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological, comparative genomic hybridization, and whole-genome exon sequencing study.
Unclassified renal cell carcinoma (URCC) is a rare variant of RCC, accounting for only 3-5% of all cases. Studies on the molecular genetics of URCC are limited, and hence, we report on 2 cases of URCC analyzed using comparative genome hybridization (CGH) and the genome-wide human exon GeneChip technique to identify the genomic alterations of URCC. Both URCC patients (mean age, 72 years) presented at an advanced stage and died within 30 months post-surgery. ⋯ Compared with 18 normal renal tissues, 40 mutated genes were detected in the URCC tissues, including 32 missense and 8 silent mutations. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the missense mutation genes were involved in 11 different biological processes and pathways, including cell cycle regulation, lipid localization and transport, neuropeptide signaling, organic ether metabolism, and ATP-binding cassette transporter signaling. Our findings indicate that URCC may be a highly aggressive cancer, and the genetic alterations identified herein may provide clues regarding the tumorigenesis of URCC and serve as a basis for the development of targeted therapies against URCC in the future.
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Int J Clin Exp Patho · Jan 2014
Comparative StudyComparison of subarachnoid anesthetic effect of emulsified volatile anesthetics in rats.
Spinal cord is an important target of volatile anesthetics in particular for the effect of immobility. Intrathecal injection of volatile anesthetics has been found to produce subarachnoid anesthesia. The present study was designed to compare spinal anesthetic effects of emulsified volatile anesthetics, and to investigate the correlation between their spinal effects and general effect of immobility. ⋯ ED50 of general anesthesia induced by emulsified halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane were 0.41 ± 0.07, 0.54 ± 0.07, 0.74 ± 0.11 and 0.78 ± 0.08 mmol/kg, respectively, with significant correlation to their inhaled MAC (R(2) = 0.8620, P = 0.047). For intrathecal injection, EC50 of spinal anesthesia induced by emulsified halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane were 0.35, 0.27, 0.33 and 0.26 mol/L, respectively, which could be predicted by the product of inhaled MAC and olive oil/gas partition coefficients (R(2) = 0.9627, P = 0.013). In conclusion, potency and efficacy of the four emulsified volatile anesthetics in spinal anesthesia were similar and could be predicted by the product of inhaled MAC and olive oil/gas partition coefficients (MAC × olive oil/gas partition coefficients).
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Int J Clin Exp Patho · Jan 2014
Case ReportsEstimated intermediate risk endometrial cancer: debate and new perspectives on therapy individualization and prognosis establishment starting from a peculiar case.
The adequate treatment for stage IB endometrial cancer (EC) with G1-G2 grading (intermediate risk patients) is still debated. FIGO guidelines recommend adjuvant radio-therapy in order to avoid recurrences, despite it has been demonstrated that this does not improve the overall survival. Recently, other than the conventional risk-factor (histology, stage and grading), lymph-vascular involvement, tumor size and neoplasia molecular patterns has been proposed with intent to establish the most appropriated EC oncologic treatment and prognosis. ⋯ Only a detailed molecular evaluation of these cases could allow a more specific treatment targeting, leading to an individualized therapy and low recurrence-risk. The importance of recurrence-risk reduction is linked to difficulties in both their early detection and appropriate management. The delay in diagnosis as well as the performance of not adequate treatment can potentially make the prognosis of these cases worst that the one detected in case of uterine sarcoma or mixed müllerian tumors.