Aviat Space Envir Md
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Nov 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialOcular effects of hyoscine in double dose transdermal administration and its reversal by low dose pyridostigmine.
The potential of low dose (30 mg t.i.d) pyridostigmine to reduce the ocular side effects of double dose transdermal controlled release hyoscine was evaluated by the study of near visual acuity, accommodation amplitude and pupil diameter in a placebo controlled, double masked study. We studied 47 healthy men (age 18-21 yr) in 3 groups: 16 assigned to placebo hyoscine and placebo pyridostigmine, 15 assigned to double dose hyoscine and placebo pyridostigmine, and 16 to double dose hyoscine and pyridostigmine. Subjects were tested during 48 h of treatment and 48 h of washout period. ⋯ This decrease was significant when compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05) and to the pyridostigmine-protected group (p < 0.05). Pyridostigmine, however, did not significantly change the hyoscine-induced mydriasis of 1.47 + 0.15 mm change from baseline (p < 0.05). These results suggest that pyridostigmine administration may be beneficial in shortening recovery time when near vision impairment is experienced following single and double dose transdermal hyoscine administration.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Oct 1995
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialEvaluation of the Lake Louise acute mountain sickness scoring system in a hypobaric chamber.
This study evaluated the relevance of the Lake Louise acute mountain sickness (AMS) scoring system in comparison with other AMS scoring systems. To achieve this objective nine subjects were submitted to a 9-hr exposure to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber (altitude 4500-5500 m) that led to the development of AMS. AMS was scored at the end of this exposure period both by questionnaires (Hackett AMS questionnaire, Lake Louise AMS self-report questionnaire, Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire ESQ II and ESQ IV) and by a clinical investigation following the Lake Louise AMS clinical and functional AMS assessment. ⋯ The Lake Louise AMS self-report score appeared highly correlated to other AMS scoring systems (Hackett, ESQ II and ESQ IV) (p < 0.05). Suggestions were proposed to improve the sensitivity and the specificity of the Lake Louise AMS scoring questionnaire but also the Lake Louise AMS clinical assessment. In conclusion, this study suggests the relevance of the Lake Louise AMS self-report questionnaire to assess and score AMS with simplicity and rapidity.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Oct 1995
ReviewIncreased flight surgeon role in military aeromedical evacuation.
Physicians were involved in the development of aeromedical evacuation (medevac) and flight surgeons flew as crewmembers on the first U.S. military medevac flights. However, since World War II flight surgeons have not been routinely assigned to operational medevac units. The aeromedical literature addressing the role of physicians in medevac is controversial. Recent contingencies involving the U.S. Air Force (USAF) have required the augmentation of medevac units with flight surgeons. ⋯ Dedicated medevac flight surgeons fill a unique and valuable role in medevac systems. Agencies with medevac units should consider assigning flight surgeons to these units.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · Jul 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialP6 acupressure reduces symptoms of vection-induced motion sickness.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of P6 acupressure on nausea associated with visually-induced motion sickness. ⋯ We conclude that P6 acupressure reduces the severity of symptoms of visually-induced motion sickness and gastric tachyarrhythmia.
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Aviat Space Envir Md · May 1995
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialInhalation rewarming from hypothermia: an evaluation in -20 degrees C simulated field conditions.
The present study evaluates the efficacy of inhaling warm moist air as a method of rewarming from hypothermia in -20 degrees C field conditions. The method of inhalation rewarming is compared to two other methods of rewarming: a) passive rewarming; and b) passive rewarming, with a respiratory heat exchanger designed to minimize respiratory heat loss. Eight male subjects were rendered hypothermic by immersion in 15 degrees C water for 1 h. ⋯ The inspired air temperature was +20.5 +/- 1.2 degrees C in the HME and +36.2 +/- 2.9 degrees C in the Heat Treat trial. The post-immersion drop in Tre was significant in all conditions. The reduction in the post-exposure drop in Tre observed with the Heat Treat may be attributed to the minimization of respiratory heat loss, since the magnitude of the reduction was similar to that observed with the HME.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)