American journal of veterinary research
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Temporal changes in concentrations of amino acids in plasma and whole blood of healthy neonatal foals from birth to two days of age.
Temporal changes, as well as differences in distribution, in concentrations of 24 amino acids in plasma and whole blood of neonatal foals were determined from birth to 2 days of age. In addition, differences in concentrations of amino acids in plasma between mare and foal pairs were determined at birth. Significant (P < 0.05) hypoaminoacidemia existed for 15 amino acids in plasma of foals at birth, compared with mares (paired t-test). ⋯ Temporal changes in concentrations of 7 amino acids (alanine, asparagine, glutamine, histidine, hydroxyproline, methionine, and threonine) in whole blood were not significantly (P > 0.05) different from those in plasma. Temporal changes for concentrations of the remaining 17 amino acids in whole blood were significantly (P < 0.05) different, compared with plasma. Distribution of the concentrations of 18 amino acids between whole blood and plasma was significantly (P < 0.05) different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Comparative Study
Relation between body temperature and dexmedetomidine-induced minimum alveolar concentration and respiratory changes in isoflurane-anesthetized miniature swine.
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha 2-receptor agonist, is the pharmacologically active d-isomer of medetomidine, a compound used as a sedative in veterinary medicine. Isoflurane anesthetic requirement (minimum alveolar concentration; MAC), rectal temperature, and cardiorespiratory variables were studied in chronically instrumented Yucatan miniature swine during DEX (20 micrograms/kg of body weight)-induced changes in body temperature. All studies were performed at room temperature of 22 C. ⋯ Respiratory rate and minute ventilation were significantly higher in swine with maintained temperature. The PaCO2 was lower and, accordingly, pH was higher in these swine. Blood pressure and heart rate were not affected by temperature changes.
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High fractions of inspired oxygen are commonly used during general anesthesia in birds. Observations in ducks anesthetized with halothane or pentobarbital indicated that high fractions of inspired oxygen depress ventilation. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ducks hypoventilate when breathing high fractions of inspired oxygen, compared with the same ducks breathing low fractions of inspired oxygen. ⋯ Respiratory rate decreased as the fraction of inspired oxygen increased, but not significantly. There was a significant decrease in tidal volume as PaCO2 increased. Hyperoxia was observed to contribute to hypoventilation in ducks anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen.
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Flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used for the management of colic, endotoxemia, and musculoskeletal disorders in equids. Although it is not usually recommended, there appears to be an increasing trend to use nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs in combination to enhance or prolong their effects. ⋯ Serum thromboxane B2 production was significantly (P = 0.05) suppressed for 12, 8, and 24 hours after administration of flunixin, phenylbutazone, and the drugs in combination, respectively. These results indicate that although concurrent administration of these drugs at the aforementioned dosages does not alter either drug disposition or clearance, it prolongs their pharmacologic effect.
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Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were recorded at the scalp and at various levels along the lumbar and caudal thoracic parts of the spine in response to tibial nerve stimulations. The SEP were observed in 24 diseased dogs, 2 with a vertebral fracture, 1 with a spinal cord tumor, 1 with a vertebral tumor, and 20 with disk herniation. Cord compression location was confirmed by myelography, laminectomy, or both. ⋯ The evoked injury potential was observed in all but 4 diseased dogs, and its maximal amplitude corresponded, in all cases, with cord damage location. Increased duration (P < 0.05) of the spine-recorded SEP was associated with long-standing problems, but not necessarily with clinically detectable malfunction. Use of SEP and evoked injury potential for identifying lateralized cord damage may be of value.