Minerva anestesiologica
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Minerva anestesiologica · Apr 2014
Review Practice GuidelinePreoperative evaluation in infants and children: recommendations of the italian Society of pediatric and neonatal anesthesia and intensive care (sarnepi).
The preoperative assessment involves the process of evaluating the patient's clinical condition, which is intended to define the physical status classification, eligibility for anesthesia and the risks associated with it, thus providing elements to select the most appropriate and individualized anesthetic plan. The aim of this recommendation was provide a framework reference for the preoperative evaluation assessment of pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery or diagnostic/therapeutic procedures. ⋯ Preoperative evaluation is mandatory before any diagnostic or therapeutic procedure that requires the use of anesthesia or sedation. The systematic prescription of complementary tests in children should be abandoned, and replaced by a selective and rational prescription, based on the patient history and clinical examination performed during the preoperative evaluation.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Apr 2014
Pneumonia in inmunocompetent patients: combination antibiotic therapy.
Pneumonia's burden is still important worldwide not only because of its high incidence and mortality, but also for the elevated costs related to it. Despite the concerted efforts to reduce the incidence of sepsis-related complications, they continue to represent a major human and economic burden. ⋯ The aim of this manuscript was to discuss recent literature regarding the management of severe pneumonia, both community-acquired and hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated, in critically ill patients. Use of combination therapy is warranted in severe infections with shock; considerations should be made on the importance of optimal antibiotic administration and adverse reactions, thus providing guidance for a rational use of antibiotics.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Apr 2014
ReviewThe last truth for beta-blockers in non-cardiac surgery is still missing!
The perioperative use of beta-blockers (BBs) with the aim of decreasing perioperative adverse cardiac events has been strongly supported, especially after the publication of two small trial (McSPI and DECREASE I) that showed major benefits. However, some later trials did not confirm these benefits. The POISE trial, with 8351 patients, showed reduced primary outcomes (cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal cardiac arrest) at the expense of significant harm, increasing all-cause and sepsis-related deaths, and doubling the incidence of stroke. ⋯ In this review the most recent available evidence, the changes in the guidelines and the criticism on POISE results are discussed together with reasons why recent meta-analyses may not have greater certainty. This is explained by the huge numeric influence of the POISE trial and the heterogeneity in the design of the trials on perioperative BBs. Thus all the evidence available must now be taken into consideration to develop more appropriate guidelines to minimise the risks and enhance the benefits of perioperative beta-blockade.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of ondansetron on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in aged orthopedic patients.
Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction are common in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postoperative ondansetron administration has a favorable effect on postoperative delirium and 30th day cognitive function and pain in patients undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia due to femoral or hip fracture. ⋯ The postoperative ondansetron administration seems to protect and might improve the cognitive function in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Ondansetron also seems to release analgesic effects.