The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Oct 2011
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudySubstitution of standard soybean oil with olive oil-based lipid emulsion in parenteral nutrition: comparison of vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory effects.
Soybean oil-based lipid emulsions are the only Food and Drug Administration-approved lipid formulation for clinical use in parenteral nutrition (PN). Recently concerns with its use have been raised due to the proinflammatory effects that may lead to increased complications because they are rich in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. ⋯ The 24-h infusion of PN containing soybean oil-based lipid emulsion increased blood pressure and impaired endothelial function compared with PN containing olive oil-based lipid emulsion and lipid-free PN in healthy subjects. These vascular changes may have significant implications in worsening outcome in subjects receiving nutrition support. Randomized controlled trials with relevant clinical outcome measures are needed in patients receiving PN with olive oil-based and soybean oil-based lipid emulsions.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of pioglitazone on renal calcium excretion.
Glitazones increase fracture risk in long-term users and in postmenopausal women. Studies have demonstrated deleterious effects of glitazones on bone metabolism. Glitazones also have direct renal tubular effects increasing sodium reabsorption. We hypothesized that glitazones may also regulate renal calcium excretion. ⋯ Pioglitazone decreases PTH levels and increases urinary calcium excretion, independently from changes in glomerular filtration rate and from the sodium load, suggesting an inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on the tubular reabsorption of calcium. These effects may contribute to the increased fracture risk with glitazone treatment.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialSex differences in the effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on plasma copeptin in healthy subjects.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) misuse is associated with hyponatremia particularly in women. Hyponatremia is possibly due to inappropriate secretion of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP). ⋯ MDMA increased plasma copeptin, a marker for AVP secretion, in women but not in men. This sex difference in MDMA-induced AVP secretion may explain why hyponatremia is typically reported in female ecstasy users. The copeptin response to MDMA is likely mediated via MDMA-induced release of serotonin and/or norepinephrine because it was prevented by duloxetine, which blocks the interaction of MDMA with the serotonergic and noradrenergic system.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Aug 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialMetyrapone administration reduces the strength of an emotional memory trace in a long-lasting manner.
It has recently been demonstrated that the process of memory retrieval serves as a reactivation mechanism whereby the memory trace that is reactivated during retrieval is once again sensitive to modifications by environmental or pharmacological manipulations. Recent studies have shown that glucocorticoids (GCs) have the capacity to modulate the process of memory retrieval. This suggests that GCs could be an interesting avenue to investigate with regard to reduction of emotional memory. ⋯ These results show that decreasing GC levels via metyrapone administration is an efficient way to reduce the strength of an emotional memory in a long-lasting manner.