Ginekol Pol
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Nausea and vomiting are frequent disturbances in the first trimester of pregnancy, sometimes they may take the form of hyperemesis, even life-threatening. The authors survey the concepts of the aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition: hormonal, metabolic, psychological. Principles of management using simple methods reducing the ++ill being of the pregnant patients are presented, together with pharmacological management of hyperemesis. The suggested therapeutic methods seem to be relatively safe for the fetus and practically eliminate the necessity of pregnancy interruption for medical indications.
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The use of subarachnoid anesthesia in Cesarean section in spite of its long history only now gains popularity. It is due to better knowledge of physiology and anatomy of a pregnant woman an the use of new local anesthetics and better needles for spinal anesthesia in clinical practice. Analgesia comprising segments Th4-S5 of the spinal cord provides painless operation and good muscle relaxation. ⋯ The course of analgesia is very much influenced by preventing hypotension. It is done by fast infusion of 1500-2000 ml of electrolyte fluids within about 20 min., and the use of ephedrine. The prophylaxis of headaches consists in the use of very thin needles in spinal anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The author presents possibilities provided by ultrasonographic examinations in the diagnostics of neoplasms in female genital organs. Characteristic pictures of genital organs and neoplasms in uterus and ovaries have been described. The author emphasises the usefulness of the method in differentiating the character, source of a neoplasm and its extent.